Vocab Nationalism Nation-state

Nationalism Essential Question: How were European countries affected by nationalism in the 1800’s? Objective: Analyzing European nationalism with our list of key characteristics of nationalism (from yesterday).

Nationalism The belief that one’s greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture and history Not loyalty to a king or an empire Pride for your country

Background Grew out of of the Enlightenment and French Revolution – stressed equality and liberty Unite with people of common culture and history Gain independence from foreign rulers 1815 – Europe had several empire (Austrian, Ottoman) that included many nationalities – very diverse Nationalism ignited a number of revolutions Greece, Latin American countries - successful Goal of Nationalism – unify and gain independence for people with a common national heritage Each group of people should have its own country

Bonds That Create a Nation-State Israel Culture: Jewish culture, bar mitzvah celebrations, kosher eating, etc. Religion- Judaism Nationality- Hebrew/Jewish people Territory- Eastern Mediterranean Sea Language- Hebrew/Yiddish History- stories of Torah, enslavement in Egypt, exile, Holocaust

Analyzing the bonds that create a Nation-State Using page 254, write a definition of each bond. Then provide an example for each. Next, answer the following question: Do you think nationalism has had more a positive or negative impact on the world?

Positive Results People within a nation overcoming their differences for the common good The overthrow of colonial rule Democratic governments in nations throughout the world Competition among nations spurring scientific and technological advances

Negative Results Forced assimilation for minority cultures into a nation’s majority culture Ethnic cleansing The rise of extreme nationalistic movements, such as Nazism Competition between nations leading to warfare

Nationalism Shakes Austiran Empires How did nationalism impact the Austrian Empire? Large multiethnic empire with different pockets of people: Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, Italians Ethnic groups seek independence and nation- state status Pressure eventually forced split of Austrian empire into Austria-Hungary (remember this for WWI!)

Nationalism Shakes Aging Empires Ottoman Empire Ruling Turks, Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, Armenians Pressure forced all people to be equal Conservatives unhappy, causes tensions Armenians massacred and deported in response to nationalism

Bell Work Which of the bonds that create nation-states do you think would be the most influencing for people to unite? Explain.

Steps to Italian Unification How was Italy affected by nationalism? Pre- unification: collection of small city-states Reasons to unify: common culture, history and language; shared geography; claim on land formerly controlled by the Church

Italian Nationalist Leaders Count Cavour The “Brains” Giuseppi Garibaldi The “Sword” Giuseppi Mazzini The “Heart” King Victor Emmanuel II

German Nationalism How was Germany affected by nationalism? Prussia makes claims on resource-rich states to fuel its professional military German states brought together by culture, language and history Prussia seeks supremacy and dominance over rival German state of Austria

Steps to German Unification 1) Prussia leads the way as the strongest of the 39 German States 2) Prussia and Austria went to war vs. Denmark to get two border provinces 3) Seven Weeks War – Prussia vs. Austria – Prussia takes over Northern states 4) Southern states join with Northern to fight France 5) King Wilhelm I of Prussia is Kaiser

Kaiser William/Wilhelm I

Chancellor Otto von Bismarck “Blood and Iron”