Entering the Data Era; Digital Curation of Data-intensive Science…… and the role Publishers can play The STM view on publishing datasets Bloomsbury Conference 2010 London, 24 June 2010 Eefke Smit, International Association of STM publishers Director, Standards and Technology

2 Context: The Fourth Science Paradigm Jim Gray, Microsoft Research to the National Research Council in 2008: 4 Science Paradigms: 1.Thousand years ago, Science was Empirical describing natural phenomena 2.Last few hundred years: Theoretical using models and generalisations 3.Last few decades: Computational simulating complex phenomena 4.Today: Data Exploration unifying theory + experiment + simulation Publications Processed Data/ Data Presentations Raw Data

3 Context “…… increased availability of primary sources of data in digital form has the potential to shift the balance away from research based on secondary sources such as publications, thus positioning data as the central element in the scientific process.” (a statement from the Director of the Directorate General for Information Society and Media of the European Commission, 2008) “If the raw data doesn’t form a central part of the scientific record then we perhaps need to start asking whether the usefulness of that record in its current form is starting to run out.” (from a blog called Science in the Open: the-pain-and-embarassment-make-all-the-raw-data-available/ the-pain-and-embarassment-make-all-the-raw-data-available/ “..let us get back to the days where observational scientists could justify peer reviewed publication primarily on the basis of collection, description and reporting of high quality data sets (usually with some basic level of interpretation..” Quote taken from a discussion paper called “The Risk-Reward Basis for Data Publication” (marine sciences, 2007) “Problem = scientific community does not see online data as “publication” (from a presentation called: How to motivate scientists to publish data online, Mark J. Costello. June 2008)

4 How the volume of Data will grow

5 What types of Data ?

6 What happens to Data now ?

7 What plans for digital curation?

8 Ever needed Data from others that was not available ?

9 Problems with sharing Data - 1

10 Problems with sharing Data - 2

11 What do scientist want…….

12 How to locate data ?

13 Where to submit data ?

What publishers currently do

Who should preserve research data ?

19 Solutions for datasets from publishers Instructions to authors in “Tetrahedron”

20 Supplementary files are linked directly from an article’s abstract page.

21 Supplementary files are referenced within the article text and linked via the article’s abstract page using the doi.

22

23 How do Publishers view research data in the context of “IP” The Publishing Industry (STM/ALPSP) position is: It is also stated that: “…..believe that, as a general principle, data sets, raw data outputs of research, and sets or subsets of that data should wherever possible be made freely accessible to other scholars” (Statement from STM & ALPSP, June 2006) “….articles published in scholarly journals often include tables and charts in which certain data points are included or expressed. Journal publishers often do seek the transfer of or ownership of the publishing rights in such illustrations.., but this does not amount to a claim to the underlying data itself..”

24 Research data and the Publisher’s Mission Can we contribute to the data dissemination/retrieval process?  Storing, Linking  Search, Discovery Can we contribute to research workflows ?  Meta-data, collections, ontologies  Visualization, mining, etc Can we meaningful contribute to an “editorial” process for data?  Submission processes  editorial organization, review Publishers are committed to making genuine contributions to the research communities….. support to the scholarly communication process increased availability of research output increased citations to research output increased overall quality of research develop new means of knowledge discovery increase in the research efficiency

25 Support through the journal networks and publishing platforms General instructions to make available available as supplementary information with the online article Textual references to data repositories & datasets Verbal instructions, limited support by editorial team “More granular” definition of research data and supplementary information Specific instructions on how, when and where to submit, and how to cite. Specific sustainable destinations for research data Agreed formats & metadata requirements for data submission Expand editorial teams with a “data-editor” Hyper-linking between articles and (final) dataset destinations and v.v. “Federated searching” Intelligent (contextual) referencing of datasets in articles Move from…..To………. Note: a successful implementation requires a combination of domain specific and generic solutions

26 working examples……..

27 Vice versa

What Publishers are busy solving Peer review practices Readability, navigation, accessibility, presentation Discoverability: search, metadata, linking, citability Copyright issues Preservation and long term archiving Version control/ dynamic data Access, permissions for re-use Editorial practice and support See joint NISO/ NFAIS initiative:

Publications Processed Data/ Data Presentations Raw Data What is next: the stuff inbetween….. So stay tuned for new experiments….

Many publishers are well aware of the impact of the advent of the Data Era and the 4th paradigm in Science They are getting prepared to handle these, ensure longevity, preservation, access and re-use in combination with the publications. To make solutions scalable and sustainable, publishers need convergence of stakeholders: Good collaboration with all players in the chain: researchers, research instuitutes, safe data repositories, libraries, policymakers Development of standards and common practice, building on what is in place already: from persistent identifiers, citation conventions, to submission guidelines across scholarly journals Conclusions