Chemical Reactions chem rxns Everything in living organisms based on chem rxns: Growth, interaction with environment, reproduction, movement…..

Chemical Reactions Chemical Reaction: involves breaking of bonds in reactants and formation of bonds in the products –The breaking of ionic bonds, covalent bonds, & Van der Waals Forces. iron + oxygen = Rust hydrogen gas + oxygen = Fire

Rxn of Carbon dioxide in your body: CO 2 from cells  transported to lungs by bloodstream  exhale C0 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid ~into lungs) H 2 CO 3  CO 2 + H 2 O (carbon dioxide ~exhale) C0 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 Reactants Products Reactants- elements or compounds that start a chem rxn Products- elements or compounds produced by chem rxn

Chemical Reactions ENERGY RELEASED IN REACTIONS when bonds are formed or broken in form of HEAT **In order to survive, all living things need too carry out chemical reactions that require energy*** Sun  plants  animals consume  humans release energy 4 Main Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino Acids, & Proteins

Reaction Rates Catalyst: substance that speeds up rate of chemical rxn Enzymes: proteins that cells use as catalysts (speed up) for chem rxns in cells, but remain unchanged –Act on a specific substrate (reactant that enzyme acts upon) Activation Energy: the energy needed to begin a reaction or to break bonds for the rxn to start

Binding Site The active site is where the reaction takes place Substrate connects at the active site and products produced, then leave. Shape of binding site determines what substrate connects to it; reason why it is substrate specific

Effects of Temp & pH Enzyme Activity affected by both: 1.Temperature:2.pH:

Assignment: graph the following data for enzymes rxn Number of Molecules of Product Formed per Minute (x10 6 ) Amount of Substrate (g) pH 7pH 3pH 11 Test Tube Test Tube Test Tube Test Tube Test Tube Number of Molecules of Product Formed per Minute (x10 6 ) pH0.5 g2.0 g8.0 g Test Tube Test Tube Test Tube Test Tube Test Tube Data Table 1: Substrate Concentration Data Table 2: pH Levels

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