7th Grade Cells Review

1. Which life process involves producing energy? Respiration 2. Explain the difference between locomotion and transport. Locomotion involves moving the body or body parts. Transport involves moving materials inside the body/cell. 3. If you cannot make your own food you are known as a ____. heterotroph 4. Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen while anaeroboc does not require oxygen. 5. Plants carry out ______ nutrition. autotrophic

6. Which life process involves cell division? growth 7. Explain the difference between excretion and egestion. Egestion involves the removal of undigested food, while excretion involves the removal of metabolic/cellular waste. 8. Control and coordination of all life processes is known as ____. Regulation 9. What is homeostasis? Maintaining a stable, internal environment. 10. Which life process involves the joining of smaller molecules to make one larger molecule? Synthesis

11. This organelle is shown in the picture. ER

12. Robert Hooke examined a cell from this source under a microscope. Cork

13. This scientist was the first to view living cells under the microscope. Leeuwenhoek

14. What are the 3 parts of the Cell Theory? Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things. Cells are the basic unit of function in all living things. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

15. Explain one exception to the cell theory. Viruses are not made up of cells. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA so they do not rely on the nucleus to reproduce. The first cell could not have come from another cell.

16. Living things contain units of structure and function that arise from preexisting units. This statement best describes the cell theory. 2. lock-and-key model of enzymes. 3. concept of natural selection. 4. heterotroph hypothesis. 1

3 17. Which statement is not a part of the cell theory? (1) Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things. (2) Cells are the basic unit of function of living things. (3) Cell parts such as chloroplasts are self-replicating. (4) Cells come from preexisting cells. 3

18. Which statement explains why viruses are exceptions to the cell theory? They contain genetic material. They are not made up of cells. They reproduce by mitosis. They are surrounded by a protein coat. 2

19. Give the cell organelle that performs each function. a. Transport materials throughout the cell b. Protein production c. Digests food d. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell e. Produces energy endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes lysosomes cell membrane mitochondria

f. Controls all cell activities g. Holds cell organelles h. Site of photosynthesis i. Used in cell division j. Gives plant cell shape and support k. Stores materials nucleus cytoplasm chloroplasts centrioles cell wall vacuoles

20. Identify all the organelles labeled and give the function of each. Nucleus: controls all cell activities Vacuole: stores materials Ribosome: produces proteins Mitochondria: produces energy Cell membrane: controls what enters and leaves the cell

a. What type of cell is represented? 21. a. What type of cell is represented? b. What is structure B? What is the function of this structure? c. What is the function of structure C? d. Explain how structure A maintains homeostasis within the cell? Animal cell Nucleus – controls all cell activities Stores materials It controls what enters and exits the cell.

22. Identify the structures labeled and the function of each. 1- nucleus: controls all cell activities 2 – nucleolus: produces ribosomes 3 – cell membrane: controls what enters and exits the cell 4 – cytoplasm: holds cell organelles 5 – cell wall: keeps plant cells rigid and supports plant cell 6 – vacuole: stores materials 7 - chloroplast: site of photosynthesis

23. One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have a nucleus    chloroplasts a cell membrane centrioles 2

24. Which structure permits the entry and exit of materials in an animal cell? (1.) lysosome (2.) chromosome (3.) cell wall (4.) cell membrane 4

25. The structure most closely associated with the destruction of worn out cell organelles is the (1.) lysosome (2.) centrosome (3.) vacuole (4.) chromosome 1

4 26. Which is found in the nucleus? (1.) ribosome (2.) vacuole (3.) lysosome  (4.) chromosome 4

27. The rigidity (support) of a plant cell is due primarily to the presence of the chloroplasts (2) centrosomes (3) cell membrane (4) cell wall 4

28. Whitney observes a cell under the microscope 28. Whitney observes a cell under the microscope. She identifies it as a green plant cell and not a cheek cell because of a (1.) nucleus (2.) cell membrane (3.) chloroplast (4.) mitochondrion 3

29. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as  (1) vacuoles (2) chloroplasts (3) ribosomes (4) mitochondria 4

3 30. Which structure is found ONLY in animal cells? (1.) cell wall (2.) vacuoles (3.) centrioles (4.) chloroplasts 3

31. The organelle most closely associated with the manufacture of proteins within the cell is the (1.) ribosome (2.) nucleolus (3.) cell wall (4.) cell membrane 1

a. What is this structure called? 32. a. What is this structure called? b. In what kind of cell is this structure found? c. What process occurs in this structure? chloroplast Plant cell Photosynthesis

a. What is this structure called? 33. a. What is this structure called? b. What is the function of this organelle? c. In what kind of cells would you find this organelle? mitochondria Produces energy (ATP) Both animal and plant celld

34. Label the animal cell below. Vacuole ER mitochondria Cell membrane

35. Identify the organelle being described. a. Gives plant cells firm regular shape. Cell wall b. Site of protein manufacture. ribosomes c. Keeps cell contents separate from external environment. Cell membrane d. Strong substance that makes up cell walls. cellulose e. Substance produced by ribosomes. proteins f. Power-house of the cell. mitochondria

36. ER Nuclear pores nucleolus Nuclear membrane Golgi bodies centrioles Vacuole cytoplasm mitochondria Cell membrane

37. 1 38. 4

39. 3

40. Label the organelles: mitochondria Nuclear membrane mitochondria Cytoplasm centriole lysosome vacuole mitochondria ER/ribosomes ER Cell membrane Golgi bodies

41. Plant cells contain a cell wall and chloroplast while animal cells do not.

42. 4

43. nucleus chloroplast Cell wall

44. Cell wall chloroplast DNA or chromosomes

45. 1 46. 3

47. nucleus Cell wall & chloroplasts

48. Cell membrane, cytoplasm Nucleus, vacuole chloroplast nucleus

49. 3

50. 4

51. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex? (1) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems  (2) tissues, organisms, cells, organ systems (3) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs (4) organs, organisms, organ systems, cells 1

52. Explain two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus while eukaryotic cells do. Prokaryotic cells do not contain cell organelles while eukaryotic cells do. DNA in prokaryotic cells is found in the cytoplasm while the DNA in eukaryotic cells is found in the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells do.

53. Give an example of a prokaryotic cell. 54. Give an example of a eukaryotic cell. Bacteria or blue green algae Paramecia, ameba, algae, animal and plant cells

55. 2 56. 1

57. 4 58. 2

59. 3

60. 3

1 61. The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as cellular respiration transpiration          active transport                     photosynthesis 1

62. An important molecule generated by both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation is ATP     (2) CO2       (3) CO2     (4) H2O 1

63. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6 H2O + X a. What is the name of the process represented above? b. Where does this process occur? c. What molecule does X represent? d. How many ATP are produced? e. What materials are needed for this process to occur? f. What are the products of this reaction? Aerobic respiration mitochondria ATP 36 ATP Glucose and oxygen ATP, carbon dioxide, water

64. Aerobic respiration and fermentation are similar in that both processes (1.) require oxygen (2.) utilize light energy (3.) release energy (4.) produce carbohydrates 3

65. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, lactic acid is produced                  a large amount of ATP is formed NADH molecules split              oxidative respiration occurs 1

2 66. Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the process of lactic acid fermentation                   alcoholic fermentation aerobic respiration                     glycolysis 2

3 67. In the presence of oxygen, _____ molecules of ATP can be formed. 2       (2) 19         (3) 36          (4) 63 3

3 68. An end product of alcoholic fermentation is glucose (2) oxygen (3) carbon dioxide       (4) lactic acid 3

69. The life function of transport in an organism directly involves those activities used to: absorb and distribute materials obtain and break down materials release energy from food produce cellular waste products 1

a. What type of transport does this picture represent? 70. a. What type of transport does this picture represent? b. Explain your answer. Active transport Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration.

71. The diagram above shows the same type of molecule in area A and area B. With the  passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. Identify the name of this process. Support your answer. It is diffusion/passive transport because the molecules are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (with the concentration gradient).

72. The diagram above shows the same type of molecule in area A and area B. Identify the name of this process if some molecules move from area B to area A. Support your answer. It is active transport because the molecules are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (against the concentration gradient).

73. The movement of materials from higher to lower concentration is called  (1.) diffusion  (2.) active transport  (3.) pinocytosis (4.) phagocytosis 1

74. The movement of materials from lower to higher concentration requiring energy is called  (2.) diffusion  (3.) active transport (4.) cell division 3

75. Diffusion is a term for the movement of molecules from (1) an area of low concentration to a high concentration         (2) an adjacent area to a gradient area (3) an area of high concentration to a low concentration          (4) a nucleus to the mitochondria 3

76. 3