39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium SUMMARY OF THE ADVANCED KE PENETRATOR FOR THE ALACV STO Tim Farrand Lee Magness US Army Research Laboratory April 14, 2004 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium Supporting Cast Tim Farrand & Lee Magness WMRD –Terminal Ballistics Robert Shnidman, John Abell SLAD - wit pack analysis/reduction Jodi Roberston, Rob Gangler, SLAD – LoF systematic analysis & Jim Strobel (ret), experimental LoF Aivars Ozolins (Oz) Experimental facility WMRD – target/wit pack set-up and execution Shops WMRD – manufacture targets, sabots, etc. SLAD – witness packs assemble & reduction 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium Overview of ALACV KE Initial Paper Study Quantify STO requirement Establish Experimental Methodology Iterative Progression of Penetrator Design Terminal Ballistic evaluations BAD Analysis Final Design Monolithic ENLE 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

STO Objectives - Exit Criteria Advanced KE Develop and demonstrate advanced KE penetrators using tungsten or other alternative materials Exit Criteria: Achieve a 30% increase in behind armor effects (BAE) over a baseline APFSDS penetrator. Relate a 30% increase in the combined (BAE) to an increase in Probability of Kill (Pk) of 10% over the baseline. Novel Penetrators 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Quantified 30% BAE Increase MF-KILL VS CALIBER UPPER LIMIT A SLAD Parametric Study of lightly armored vehicle GOAL 30% of Difference Measure: an approximate 10% increase in Loss of Function for this system 10% Overall Increase Goal: 30% increase in BAE Loss of Function BASELINE Penetrator Size 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Establish Experimental Methodology Use one range target for down select of Penetrator Designs - modified vehicle description EXAMPLE ONE RANGE TGT MODIFY TGT (Swap Ammo &Crew) Final Target Model One Range Target (impact location) Modify Interior of Vehicle Produced Similar Results to a Cardioid Average Good Representative Target 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium Data Analysis RADIOGRAPHS Examine Penetrator Performance Qualify penetrator failure mechanisms Estimate Defeat Range Evaluate Behind Armor Effects Penetrator and Target WITNESS PANELS 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium Design Iterations Design Iterations # Shots 1 scaled design 11 2 alternate designs – ENLE 35 2a supplement w/ mission evaluations (Magness) 30 3 ENLE designs 26 4 Material & Geometry mods 35 5 ENLE mods 10 6 ENLE mods (fins – dia) 15 7 Final design w/ baseline 71 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Behind Armor Debris (Phase 1 & 2) Green WHA Baseline Red DU Black Phase 1 Blue Phase 2 Medium Overmatches ENLE greater Behind Armor Effects 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Loss of Function for Range Target (Phase 1 & 2) SURVIVABILITY/LETHALITY ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE Increase Behind Armor Effects At Closer Ranges UPPER LIMIT A D B G E C F H BASELINE Loose Defeat Range Slightly 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Behind Armor Debris (Phase 3) ENLE greater Behind Armor Effects Medium Overmatches ENLE greater Behind Armor Effects 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Modeling / Analysis Final Design Modify Perforation models for specific Mono & ENLE designs Develop BAD models for MONO & ENLE Input Perforation and BAD models into Lethality Target Model Run Lethality Target Model for: All angles of attack Average for frontal 60o arc & Cardioid average 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

ENLE shows slight improvement at “medium” overmatches Behind Armor Debris (Final Design) ENLE shows slight improvement at “medium” overmatches ENLE 250 – 800 m/s Red – ENLE Black – MONO Obliquity Targets Simple Complex Shapes Solid Hollow Eroded to ENLE Did Not Erode to ENLE Depleted Rod 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Implementation of Increased Penetrator Fragments SURVIVABILITY/LETHALITY ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE If Residual Velocity is between 250 – 800 m/s then Fragments are Effective 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

System Engagement Weighting Averages SURVIVABILITY/LETHALITY ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE 12.5 8.4 17.25 4.2 2.75 10.05 .75 29.25 1.2 13.65 0.0 0.0 13.65 1.2 29.25 .75 10.05 4.2 2.75 17.25 8.4 12.5 FRONTAL CARDIOID 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Final Results (Cardioid Average) SURVIVABILITY/LETHALITY ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE Increase in Behind Armor Effects Counterbalanced by Decrease in Defeat Range ENLE Performance is best at Close Range 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

Final Results (Frontal Attack) SURVIVABILITY/LETHALITY ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE Effects Exaggerated For Tougher Target Areas ENLE 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004

39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium Conclusions Completed Experimental Evaluation >205 shots fired – perforation & BAD >175 shots BAD – examine witness packs Modified Lethality Model is a very useful tool Range Target Modified Description ALACV Advanced KE Improvement Highly Dependent on Overmatch Target Range 39th Gun & Ammunition Symposium April 13-16, 2004