Chapter 11 Section 5 Establishing Peace

Stats of WWI Death toll –Allies  5 million+ –Central Powers  3.4 million –US  116,000 –French troops  1.24 million –French civilians  40,000 –Houses and factories destroyed  773,000 Cost of war –Allies  $145 Billion –Central Powers  $63 Billion –$30 Billion of property destroyed –$1 Billion on aid efforts

Wilson’s 14 Points – President Wilson’s plan for postwar Europe. This was written in a way as to avoid future wars. Points 1-5, 14 were general points to all nations Points 6-13 referred to specific nations 1.No secret treaties 2.Freedom of the seas for all nations 3.Removal of all economic barriers and tariffs 4.Reduction of arms 5.Fair adjustment of territorial claims 14. Establishment of a “general association of nations” – League of Nations

League of Nations – a congress of nations designed to settle international disputes and protect democracy

Paris Peace Conference 12/13/1918 Big Four – Wilson (US), George (Britain), Clemenceau (France), Orlando (Italy) Goal of European nations was to ensure Germany would never again be a world power US – get the 14 Points accepted France – wanted to control Germany and cripple them economically, militarily, and politically Britain – keep British Empire intact Italy – receive territory it was promised Germany was forced to pay reparations – payments for damages/expenses brought on by war –$33 Billion

Treat of Versailles Final peace settlement of the war New nations formed, old ones restored Self-determination – right to decide one’s political status Central Powers were forced to surrender colonies to Allies

League of Nations Representatives from democratic nations –Council, assembly permanent admin staff Goal is to settle international disputes and reduce arms 5 permanent members – Britain, France, Italy, Japan, US –All independent nations allowed to join –Former Central Power had to wait

Peace Without a Treaty Congress was not enthusiastic about Treaty of Versailles or League of Nations Congress wanted a compromise with Wilson over the US involvement –Mainly military involvement Wilson’s refusal to compromise cost him US membership in the League of Nations