Presented by David C. Nyman, P.E. Comprehensive Environmental Inc. Annual Nonpoint Source Conference April 29, 2014.

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Presentation transcript:

Presented by David C. Nyman, P.E. Comprehensive Environmental Inc. Annual Nonpoint Source Conference April 29, 2014

Application of Low Impact Development/ Integrated Site Design to Roadways: Goal of the design approach is to:  First…Significantly minimize or reduce runoff/pollutants  Then… treat the remaining runoff.

Integrated Site Design for roadways, involves  Minimizing effective impervious cover (EIC):  Directly reducing/minimizing pavement  Maximizing infiltration  Maximizing vegetative uptake  Managing pollutants close to their source

Roadways consist of  Paved surfaces  Graded side slopes  Drainage conveyance systems  Managed rights-of-way Develop a design approach to integrate runoff reduction and pollutant attenuation functions into these features.

Other Option: Pervious pavement

Consider roadway elements as potential BMPs:  Pavement stormwater practices  Embankment stormwater practices  Conveyance stormwater practices  Roadway landscape stormwater practices

deeproot.com Raleighnc.gov co.jefferson.wa.us

Maine Mall Parking Lot 1/17/2013 Maine Mall Road – Same Day Maine Mall Road – Construction 7/27/2009 Maine Mall Road, South Portland, ME ~16750 AADT within Project Limits Source: Maine DOT

Conventional PavementOpen Graded Friction Course Source: Barrett, M. and C. Shaw Stormwater Quality Benefits of a Porous Asphalt Overlay.

StudyPollutant (Relative % Reduction) TSSTotal PTotal CuTotal PbTotal Zn Berbee, et.al., Pagotto, et.al., Barrett, et.al., Barrett & Shaw, Barrett, et.al., Stannard, et.al., Eck, et.al., >90 - > OGFC Pollutant Reduction Relative to Conventional Pavements Eck, et.al., 2011 also shows relative reduction does not deteriorate over time.

Adapted from Washington Department of Transportation 2/3 loamy sand and 1/3 compost

StudyPollutant TSSTotal PTotal CuTotal Zn WSDOT, 2005 (% Removal, conc.) Herrara, 2007 (% Removal, conc.) Herrara, 2007 (% Load Reduction) CAVS Pollutant Removal

Ecology Mix: crushed stone aggregate perlite dolomite gypsum Adapted from Washington Department of Transportation

StudyPollutant (% Removal) TSSTotal P Total N Total Cu Total Pb Total Zn Turbi- dity WSDOT, Wright Water Eng’rs, et.al., Geosyntec, et.al., Geosyntec, et. al., Media Filter Drain Pollutant Removal

 Accessible, maintainable systems based on use of natural materials  Linear conveyance systems that provide treatment; examples:  Water Quality Swales  Linear Bioretention Swales  Variations: think outside the box: VTrans Micro-Pool Filter

Source: Vermont Agency of Transportation

SourcePollutant (% Removal) TSSTotal PTotal NCu, Pb, Zn, Cd MassDEP, 2008 Data for Sand Filters Plus:Channel Protection Enhanced treatment by settling pools, vegetated filter layer Estimated Micro-Pool Pollutant Removal

Qualifying Impervious Area Sheet Flow Adapted from Maryland Stormwater Design Manual

Scale BMPs to fit the design context; example: Micro-Bioretention Cell

Trees as BMPs  Urban street trees (individual trees)  Wooded landscape CUFR 2007 (carsmoveus.com)

In Central Massachusetts, a 12-inch Red Maple…  Intercepts 1353 gallons of water per year;  Equals 3.8 inches of runoff reduction over the area of the tree’s canopy  Significant “Runoff Reduction” potential National Tree Benefit Calculator

In addition to interception/ evaporation, trees reduce runoff by:  Uptake and transpiration from the ground  Enhancing infiltration into the ground  Roots binding soil, preventing erosion and associated accelerated runoff Source: Tree City USA Bulletin No. 55 Arbor Day Foundation

Use trees for runoff reduction:  Introduction, restoration, or preservation of individual canopy trees  Preservation/restoration of forested landscape  Incentives for implementation of these measures

 City of Philadelphia, PA stormwater program:  Water Quality Volume reduction for individual trees  Existing tree preservation (canopy within 20 feet)  New tree installation (canopy within 10 feet)  Must comply with specified standards  Pennsylvania (State) Stormwater BMP Manual  Individual tree credits  Forested area credits (within 100 feet  Portland, OR  Comparable practices to Philadelphia

urban_watershed_forestry_manual_part1.pdf

Tree Canopy Preservation? PavementDisconnection? EnhancedConveyanceSystem? Media Filter Drain? Questions?