Math Unit Welcome to Chemistry!.

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Presentation transcript:

Math Unit Welcome to Chemistry!

1. Scientific Notation Exponential notation from math class Example: 12,500,000 Example: 0.000368 Example: 2.3 x 10-2 Example: 5.6 x 103

2. Density 1 mL = 1 cm3 Example: An unknown liquid has a mass of 42 g and occupies a volume of 102 cm3. What is its density? Could this unknown be a salt water solution that has a density of 0.40 g/mL?

What is the mass of a substance that occupies 250 mL and has a density of 0.698 g/cm3?

3. Metric Base Units gram (g) – mass liter (l) – volume meter (m) – length second (s) – time

4. Metric Prefixes mega (M) 1Mg = 1,000,000 g = 1 x 106 g kilo (k)  1 kg = 1000 g deci (d)  1 g = 10 dg centi (c)  1 g = 100 cg milli (m)  1g = 1000 mg micro (u)  1 g = 1 x 106 ug nano (n)  1 g = 1 x 109 ng pico (p)  1 g = 1 x 1012 pg

5. Dimensional Analysis Brittany wants to know her height in meters. She knows that her height is 1.86 km.

During a lab, Becca poured 4 During a lab, Becca poured 4.2 x 102 mL of hydrochloric acid into a beaker. How many liters is this?

Owen needed to obtain 5.3 x 10-1 g of sodium chloride for his experiment. How many nanograms did he need?

A chemist needs 5.6 x 1014 pg of iron. How many kilograms is this?

A student runs 0.26 Mm. How many centimeters did this student run?

Ben needs 420 cm3 of water. How many microliters does he need?

2.54 cm = 1 inch How many meters are in 1 yard?

How many feet are in 1.2 x 105 mm?

6. Velocity calculations Garrett drives his truck 114 km/hr down Cavalier Drive. How fast is he driving in meters per second?

Shamyra’s speed in the 400m run was 14 km/hr Shamyra’s speed in the 400m run was 14 km/hr. What would her speed be in inches per second?

Mrs. Fulks was late to work this morning and got a speeding ticket for driving 92 mph down King William Rd. How fast was she going in kilometers per minute?

7. Mass conversions How many grams of apples did I buy at Food Lion if I purchased 2.75 lbs? (Hint: 1 pound = 454 g)

8. Significant Figures All nonzero digits ARE significant All “trapped” zeros are significant Trailing zeros in the decimal portion ONLY are significant Any number before the “x 10” is significant

56 301 1000 0.00500 5.6 x 10-20

9. Sig Fig Calculations 2.0014 + 5.36 + 1.2597423 = 2.0014 + 5.36 + 1.2597423 = (3.642)(1.02)(8.9) =

10. Accuracy Getting the right (or accepted) value

11. Precision Getting the same data (value) over and over even if it is NOT the correct value

12. Percent Error In a lab experiment, you find the density of aluminum to be 3.14 g/mL. If the accepted value for the density of aluminum is 2.70 g/mL, what is your percent error?