Models of Urban Structure

Concentric Zone Model Ernest Burgess, 1920’s City of Chicago

Concentric Zone Model Zone A: CBD is here Transportation infrastructure converges Most tertiary employment Zone B: Industrial activities Adjacent to CBD, labor and markets Port sites and rail yards

Concentric Zone Model Zone C: Low income housing Constantly being converted to other uses due to expanding manufacturing and industrial activities First generation immigrants Zone D: residential zone dominated by working class Second generation immigrants Near employment

Concentric Zone Model Zone E: Higher quality housing Longer commuter costs Zone F: outside zone E High class expensive housing Rural, suburban setting

Concentric Zone Model: Considerations Considered a product of its time, circa 1950 Developed for American cities and not easily applied elsewhere Developed when people used public transit and can’t be applied to the highway cities of today

Sector Model Homer Hoyt, 1939 City of Chicago Transport had a direct impact on land uses Cities grow along an axis, thus the sector model 6

Sector Model 6 Zone 1: CBD Land is expensive Little space, competition is high, congestion is high 6 Zone 2: Zone of Transition Old industries located here State of constant change due to growth of Zone 1

Sector Model 6 Zone 3: Zone of Transition A.k.a old inner city areas Low class residential housing 6 Zone 4: Council Estates Semi-detached housing Garden areas Medium-class residential

Sector Model Zone 5: Commuter Zone Private, high class, top quality housing Much commuting into CBD Zone 6: Countryside areas Pleasant, rural surroundings Satellite villages and towns

Sector Model: Considerations 6

Multi-Nuclei Theory Harris and Ullman Separate nucli or CBD’s in the urban pattern, not just one Centrifugal forces determine land use, ie residential repels industrial High rent vs low rent

Multi-Nuclei Theory Zone 1 CBD Zone 2 Zone of Transition Zone 3 Residential Low Class Zone 4 Residential Middle Class

Multi-Nuclei Theory Zone 5 Residential Upper Class Zone 6 Industry and Heavy Manufacturing Zone 7 Mini CBD Zone 8 Residential Suburb

Multi-Nuclei Theory Zone 9 Industrial Suburb

Multi-Nuclei Theory: Considerations http://www.epa.gov/urban/msp/zoomed.htm