Chapter 1: An Introduction to Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1: An Introduction to Chemistry Outline Introduction to Chemistry Scientific Method Matter Classification State

Where are chemicals found?

What is Chemistry?

Why is chemistry called the central science?

Why is chemical called the central science?

What is the chemistry of today? The Five Traditional Subdivisions of Chemistry Analytical - what and how much are in a sample Biochemistry - chemistry of living systems Organic - chemistry of carbon compounds Inorganic - chemistry of compounds of all elements but carbon Physical - physics of chemical change

How to Think Like a Chemist: How to Learn Chemistry How to Think Like a Chemist:

From Scientific Method Empirical facts (observations, data) Scientific laws (tested generalizations, consistent observations) Hypothesis (tentative explanation) Theory or Models (tested explanation, unifying explanation for a set of observations, facts and laws)

Scientific Method The bicycle tire is flat. Represents an observation. an hypothesis. an experiment. a theory.

Scientific Method If I add air to the bicycle tire, it will expand to the proper size. Represents an observation. an hypothesis. an experiment. a theory.

Scientific Method When I added air to the bicycle tire, it was still flat. Represents an observation. an hypothesis. an experiment. a theory.

Scientific Method The bicycle tire must have a leak in it. Represents an observation. an hypothesis. an experiment. a theory.

How do these states of matter differ?

What are the states of matter?

How do amorphous and crystalline solids differ? Fig. 15-21, p. 447

How is matter classified? Pure Substance One substance only. Definite Composition. Definite properties. Mixture Two or more substances. Variable composition. Properties depend on composition.

How is matter classified?

What is an element? Cannot be separated chemically into simpler substances. Aluminum metal

What elements do you need to know?

What is a compound? Can be separated chemically into simpler substances.

What techniques can be used to separate mixtures? Chromatography Filtration

Example – Classification of Matter Classify an egg as a(n) A. element B. compound C. heterogeneous mixture D. homogeneous mixture

Example – Classification of Matter Classify copper wire as a(n) A. element B. compound C. heterogeneous mixture D. homogeneous mixture