Another Incredible Slide Show about Art!! (Ch 29)

19 th cent. Romantic Landscape Painting Became its own category of painting in 1800’s Artists often used nature as allegory (for death, prosperity, etc) With regard to landscape: Artists don’t just paint what they see during this period. They edit/imagine landscapes that show moods and emotions Nature’s Power over Humans English Landscape Painter School Hudson River School

28-52 Caspar David Friedrich Abbey in the Oak Forest 1810 Oil on Canvas Romanticism/19 th century landscape -Death: bare winter trees, funerary procession, coffin, graveyard, ruins of a church, crooked crosses -Romantics saw landscapes/nature as a living being, with a spirit that we could relate to in terms of our existence on earth and our experiences as part of the universe

28-53 John Constable The Haywain 1821 Oil on Canvas Romanticism/19 th century landscape -Famous English Landscape Artist -Presents a picturesque countryside scene, contrasting with the cities, where the industrial revolution was happening -Figures are “one” with nature. They blend in with the landscape -muted greens and golds, delicate brushstrokes characterize his work -white stippling over local color creates movement/shimmer -Figures are not doing tedious work. The scene is nostalgic/pleasant -A wain is a type of horse-drawn, load-carrying vehicle

28-54 Joseph Mallord William Turner The Slave Ship (Slaves throwing Overboard the dead and dying: Typhoon Coming On) 1840 Oil on Canvas Romanticism/19 th Century Seascape -Also of the English Landscape Painter School -Contrast with Constable, in that Turner’s style is more expressive/less delicate -Romantic passion and energy, awe mixed with terror -1783: Slave ship owner realized that his insurance co. would only reimburse him for slaves who died at sea (not those who died of illness en route). So, he had the sick thrown overboard. -style matches the barbaric event -scarlet clouds : blood of the dying - tiny figures against big sun & sky = nature’s power over humans

28-55 Thomas Cole The Oxbow (View from Mt. Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm) 1836 Oil on Canvas Romanticism/19 th Century Seascape -Hudson River School -Shows us the country’s and the individual’s relationship with the land -Divided composition shows 2 sides of contemporary America (stormy wilderness and tame civilization) -Miniscule Artist, dwarfed by powerful landscape (nature’s power over humans)

28-56 Albert Bierstadt Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California 1868 Oil on Canvas Romanticism/19 th Century Landscape -Hudson River School -10feet wide -Reinforces Manifest Destiny -Heavenly sun rays coming through clouds -depicts uniqueness and splendor of land beyond the Rockies -People were questioning America’s “Destiny” in the West due to concerns over Native American displacement, exploitation of the environment, and the difficulty of the task -Entrepreneurs and Investors for westward expansion (ie: Railroad companies) bought his work

28-57 Frederic Edwin Church Twilight in the Wilderness 1860’s Oil on Canvas Romanticism/19 th Century Landscape -Hudson River School -Traveled to South America, Mexico, Middle East, and more -Without humanity (and our wars, like the civil war which was going on), nature is still peaceful/majestic -A reminder that this is the picture of America that many envisioned

Joseph Mazton Crystal Palace London, England Iron…new innovation -”Naked” iron constructions were first seen in English greenhouses -This glass and iron building won a competition to house the Great Exhibition of 1851 (a presentation of “works of industry of all nations”) -prefabricated parts -dismantled after exhibition -Christian church influence (barrel vaulted nave and transept) -Destroyed in a fire in 1936