SONET/SDH Introduction – What is the Difference Between SONET and SDH?

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Presentation transcript:

SONET/SDH Introduction – What is the Difference Between SONET and SDH?

Why SDH/SONET? SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) and SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork) are standards for interfacing optical networks. Simple multiplexing processes Easy access to various signals in a multiplexed high bit rate signal A flexible and efficient way of networking Network Distribution: Add/Drop capability Network survivability: APS (Automatic Protection Switching) Traffic Cross connection: capacity management, bandwidth management and protection route diversity Support advance Network Management System (OAM&P) – Overhead bits for Fault, Configuration, Performance Monitoring, Security and Accounting management Standardized interface can support multi vendor interworking, international connection and many different services; i.e. ATM, IP

SONET/SDH Digital Hierarchy Optical Level SONET Electrical SDH Equivalent Line Rate (Mbps) Payload Rate Overhead Capacity OC-1 STS-1 – 51.840 50.112 1.728 28 DS-1s or 1 DS-3 21 E1s OC-3 STS-3 STM-1 155.520 150.336 5.184 84 DS-1s or 3 DS-3s 63 E1s or 1 E4 OC-12 STS-12 STM-4 622.080 601.344 20.736 336 DS-1s or 12 DS-3s 252 E1s or 4 E4s OC-48 STS-48 STM-16 2488.320 2405.376 82.944 1,344 DS-1s or 192 DS-3s 1,008 E1s or 16 E4s OC-192 STS-192 STM-64 9953.280 9621.504 331.776 5,376 DS-1s or 4,032 E1s or 64 E4s Note: Although an SDH STM-1 has the same bit rate as the SONET STS-3, the two signals contain different frame structures. STM = Synchronous Transport Module (ITU-T) STS = Synchronous Transfer Signal (ANSI) OC = Optical Carrier (ANSI)

SDH and SONET Bit Rate SDH Bit Rate SONET OC-1 (STS-1) STM-0 51Mb/s 2.48Gb/s OC-48 STM-64 9.95Gb/s OC-192

What is different about SDH vs. SONET? Together they are a set of global standards that interface equipment from different vendors. SDH is basically the international version of SONET, and SONET can be thought of as the North American version of SDH. There are some slight differences between SONET and SDH. The main differences are in the basic SDH and SONET frame formats, but SDH and SONET are essentially identical beyond the STS-3 signal level. The base signal for SONET is STS-1 and the base signal for SDH is STM-1. STS-3c is equivalent to STM-1 and the lower tributaries can be mapped interchangeably between the two formats from that point on.

What is different about SDH vs. SONET? (Cont’) In SDH, both electrical and optical signals are referred to as STM signals. In SONET, however, electrical signals are called STS and optical signals are referred to as OC.

SONET Defined by Bellcore and ANSI T1.X committees Base rate (High Order) is 51.84Mbps (STS-1) STS-1 Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) = 50.112M used for carrying tributaries or a DS3 signal Tributaries (Low Order) used for SONET are: VT1.5 (SPE Trib) = 1.728M for carrying DS1 (1.544) VT2 (SPE Trib) = 2.304M for carrying CEPT (E1, 2.048) VT6 (SPE Trib) = 6.912M, Never “formalized” same rate as VT Group

SONET Hierarchy STS-N STS-N SPE Data STS-1 SPE DS3 VT Group VT6 SPE x7 E1 DS1 x1 x3 x4 Tributaries of Base Signal (Low Order Payloads) xN Broadband STS-N Payloads (High Order Payloads) VT 1.5 VT Group VT 2 VT 6 VT6 SPE VT2 SPE VT1.5 SPE STS-N STS-1 SPE STS-N SPE DS3 Data

STS-1 Frame with VT Mapping 3 bytes 87 bytes STS-1 SPE Section OH 3 1 5 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 Z3 STS-1 SPE Payload DS3 Mapped or 7x VTG Mapped STS Pointer Line OH VT Group ptr VT Group VT Group VT Group VT Group VT Group VT Group Vx V T 1 5

Points to Remember in SONET The base layer is the STS-1 SPE Single pointer to get to the STS-1 SPE (50MB level) ALL tributary signals multiplex (via Pointer Processing) to the STS-1 SPE Each STS-1 has it’s own path overhead TOH is called Section and Line Overhead SS bits (in H1) is set to 00 Bellcore (Telcordia) Alarming and GR-820 Performance Monitoring Other Nuances: Path Trace is 64bytes, Orderwire is Mu-Law, Z bytes not used, No J2, APS is different

SDH Defined by ITU-T (previously CCITT) committees Base rate (High Order) is 155.520 (STM-1) Virtual Container 4 (VC-4) = 150.336M used for carrying tributaries or an E4 signal (or data) Tributaries (Low Order) used for SDH are: VC-11 = 1.728M for carrying DS1 (1.544) (rarely used in AU4) VC-12 = 2.304M for carrying CEPT (E1) Also a stuffing option for mapping VC11/1.5M to TU-12 VC-2 = 6.912M Just gaining acceptance (TU-2-Mc) for data VC-3 = 50.112M (Same as STS-1 SPE) used for E3 AND DS3

SDH Hierarchy High Order Payloads Containers of Base Signal C-4-64c STM-64 AU-4-64c VC-4-64c AUG x16 x4 x64 9039.872Mb/s STM-16 AU-4-16c VC-4-16c C-4-16c 2259.968Mb/s STM-4 VC-4-4c C-4-4c AU-4-4c 564.992Mb/s STM-1 AU-4 VC-4 C-4 E4: 139.264Mb/s x3 x3 AU-3 TUG-3 TU-3 VC-3 High Order Payloads Containers of Base Signal (Low Order Payloads) C-3 E3: 34.368Mb/s DS3: 44.736Mb/s VC-3 x7 x7 x1 TU-2 VC-2 C-2 STM-n Synchronous Transport Module Administrative Unit Group: One or more AU(s) Administrative Unit: VC + pointers Virtual Container: payload + path overhead TUG-2 DS2:6.312 Mb/s x3 AUG TU-12 VC-12 C-12 E1: 2.048Mb/s AU-n x4 TU-11 VC-11 C-11 DS1:1.544Mb/s VC-n

STM-1 Frame with AU-4 Mapping 9 bytes 261 bytes Regenerator Section OH 3 1 5 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 VC-4 Payload: C4 or TUG-3 mapped AU Pointer Multiplex Section OH H1 H2 H3 H1 H2 H3 H1 H2 H3 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 C-3 Payload J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 C-3 Payload ptr TUG-3 TUG-2/VC12 Muxed Higher Order Path OH V C 1 2 Vx 5 bytes Low Order Path OH

Points to Remember in SDH The base layer is the VC-4 Container Single pointer to get to the VC-4 ALL Low Order (LO) Signals multiplex (via PP) to the VC-4 Additional pointer to get to VC-3, the STS-1 equivalent: A FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCE between SONET and SDH TUG-3 is NOT the same as an STS-1 TOH is called Regenerator Section (RS) and Multiplex Section (MS) Overhead SS bits (in H1) is set to 01 ITU-T Alarming and ITU-T Performance Monitoring Other Nuances: Path Trace (P-API) is 16 or 64 bytes, Orderwire is A-Law, Z (N1) bytes used for TCM, APS is different

SONET Vs. SDH SONET UPSR = SDH SNCP (Sub-Network Connection Protection) WTR is up to 12 minutes in 1 minute increments “Hold-off” timer for SDH – 0-10S in 100mS increments SONET BLSR = SDH MS-SPRing (Multiplex Section – Shared Protection Ring), SDH does not specify MS-SPRing @ STM-4 (but we allow it) SONET APS = SDH MSP (Multiplex Section Protection) SONET Mesh/ Virtual Ring = SDH Same as/Extension of SNCP (and this has been around a while in SDH Networks) SONET Path Trace = SDH Path Access Point Identifier (P-API, or API) SONET Alarms: CR, MJ, MN = SDH Alarms PMA (Prompt Maintenance Activity), DMA (Deferred Maintenance Activity): We kept the CR/MJ/MN and added the “-PMA/DMA as a suffix

SONET Vs. SDH (cont…) SDH Collects Errored Block Seconds, Errored Second “Ratios” SDH is beginning to use Tandem Connection Monitoring – “Path within a path” Adds additional Path Trace, BIP, FEBE and RDI to a high or low-order path SONET, STS-SPE (50.112M) is the base-rate payload – SDH, the base is 155M and the VC-3 (STS equivalent) is a “tributary” to the VC-4 It’s not a central office, it’s an “Exchange” It’s not a Class 5/ Class 4, it’s a Local Switch and a Transit Switch It’s not a DCS, it’s a DXC SONET uses 3/3s and 3/1s, SDH uses 4/4s and 4/3/1s

Terminology Summary SDH SONET SDH SONET Optical I/O Board Path Type STM-1 OC-3 STM-4 OC-12 STM-16 OC-48 STM-64 OC-192 STM-256 OC-768 SDH SONET Not applicable STS-1 VC4 STS-3c VC4-4c STS-12c VC4-8c STS-24c VC4-16c STS-48c VC4-64c STS-192c

RS - Regenerator Section Terminology Summary Protection Type Overhead Naming SDH SONET MSP APS/FFP MS-SPRing BLSR SNCP PPMN/UPSR SDH SONET RS - Regenerator Section Section MS - Multiplex Section Line HP - High Order Path Path

Terminology Summary SDH SONET SDH SONET Alarms LOS LOF RS-TIM TIM-S MS-AIS AIS-L MS-RDI RDI-L/RFI-L MS-DEG SD-L MS-EXC SF-L MS-REI REI-L SDH SONET AU-LOP LOP-P AU-AIS AIS-P HP-UNEQ UNEQ-P HP-TIM TIM-P HP-SLM SLM-P HP-RDI RDI-P/RFI-P HP-DEG SD-P HP-EXC SF-P HP-REI REI-P

Terminology Summary SDH SONET PM Monitored Types Not defined CV – Code Violation EB – Errored Block BBE – Background Block Error ES – Errored second SEFS - Severely Errored Framing Seconds SES - Severely Errored Second FC- Failure Count UAS - Unavailable Second BBER - Background Block Errored Ratio ESR – Errored second Ratio SESR - Severely Errored Second Ratio

Terminology Summary SDH SONET SDH SONET PM Monitored Entities Not defined FC-LNE FC-LFE MS-UAS-NE UAS-LNE MS-UAS-FE UAS-LFE CV-PNE CV-PFE HP-EB-NE HP-EB-FE HP-BBE-NE HP-BBE-FE HP-ES-NE ES-PNE HP-ES-FE ES-PFE HP-SES-NE SES-PNE HP-SES-FE SES-PFE SDH SONET Not defined CV-S RS-EB RS-BBE RS-ES ES-S CV-LNE CV-LFE MS-EB-NE MS-EB-FE MS-BBE-NE MS-BBE-FE MS-ES-NE ES-LNE MS-ES-FE ES-LFE

Terminology Summary SDH SONET PM Monitored Entities (Cont.) Not defined FC-PNE FC-PFE HP-UAS-NE UAS-PNE HP-UAS-FE UAS-PFE HP-BBER-NE HP-BBER-FE HP-ESR-NE HP-ESR-FE HP-SESR-NE HP-SESR-FE

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