CURRENT HEALTH PROBLEM AVIAN BIRD FLU presented by: Rajeev bin Shamsuddin Perisamy Ting Sie Ong

ETIOLOGY ETIOLOGY Classification of the causative agent Virus family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Influenzavirus A, B. To date, all highly pathogenic isolates have been influenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7

HOST  Highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates have been obtained primarily from chickens and turkeys  Highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates have been obtained primarily from chickens and turkeys  It is reasonable to assume all avian species are susceptible to infection

 Direct contact with secretions from infected birds, excretion especially feces  Direct contact with secretions from infected birds, excretion especially feces  Contaminated feed, water, equipment and clothing  Contaminated feed, water, equipment and clothing  Clinically normal waterfowl and sea birds may introduce the virus into flocks  Clinically normal waterfowl and sea birds may introduce the virus into flocks  Broken contaminated eggs may infect chicks in the incubator  Broken contaminated eggs may infect chicks in the incubator TRANSMISSION

SOURCES OF VIRUS  Feces, respiratory secretions  Feces, respiratory secretions  Highly pathogenic viruses may remain viable for long period of time in infected feces, tissues and water

WHO: Bird droppings prime origin of bird flu ( :20) (chinadaily.com.cn/Agencies) Bird flu, which has killed at least 13 people in Vietnam, is largely transmitted through bird droppings and uncooked meat, the World Health Organization (WHO) said, doubting the need to ban imports of chicken meat by some countries.

Symptoms of bird flu in humans:  High fever ( degrees Fahrenheit)  Diarrhea  Cough-when mucus is produced it may be bloody bloody  Shortness of breath  Low white blood cell counts  Chest "crackles" heard with a stethoscope a stethoscope  Bleeding gums  Bleeding nose

Identifying Infectious Bird Diseases In Birds: A list of symptoms SSSSudden increase in bird deaths in your flock SSSSneezing, gasping for air, coughing and nasal discharge WWWWatery and green diarrhea LLLLack of energy and poor appetite DDDDrop in egg production or soft- or thin-shelled mis-shapen eggs SSSSwelling around the eyes, neck and head

Most people with bird flu have signs and symptoms of conventional influenza. Some also develop life-threatening complications such as viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome But the greatest complication of bird flu is still hypothetical COMPLICATIONS

SOLUTIONS NNNNo specific treatment BBBBut now, the primary treatment option remains the flu drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu), that works by preventing the virus from escaping its host cell

Sanitary prophylaxis  Avoidance of contact between poultry and wild birds, particularly waterfowl  Avoidance of contact between poultry and wild birds, particularly waterfowl  Avoidance of the introduction of birds of unkown health status into a flock  Avoidance of the introduction of birds of unkown health status into a flock  Control of human traffic  Control of human traffic  Proper cleaning and disinfection procedures  Proper cleaning and disinfection procedures  Practice an “all in-all out” system in the poultry farm

In outbreaks  Slaughtering of all birds  Slaughtering of all birds  Disposal of carcasses and all poultry products  Disposal of carcasses and all poultry products Cleaning and disinfection Allow at least 21 days before restocking

Prevention  Culling.  Surveillance programs.  Banned birds.

Recommendations for travelers  Avoid domesticated birds.  Avoid open-air markets.  Wash your hands.  Watch your kids  Steer clear of raw eggs.  Ask about a flu shot.

Preparing poultry  Wash well  Cook thoroughly

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