Welcome to the Presentation of Plasma Based HNO3 Manufacturing Plant

We thankful to authority for offering opportunity to Present our New PLASMA Based Technology Products.

HNO3 Manufacturing Plant based on Plasma Technology in Details

 Due to rapid change in technology, the correct design of all steps of the process & last application of Cold Plasma Technology, VVX can offer a complete plant ECO-FRIENDLY and Energy saving, totally powered with green energy, so the final Production cost is low.

INTRODUCTORY REPORT The Nitric Acid can be produced by 3 ways : 1- Starting by Sodium Nitrate (Chile Nitrate) that is a natural mineral. 2- Starting from Air. Birkeland-Eyde process. 3- Starting from Ammonia. Ostwald process & followings. (Currently used in manufacturing) The 1^ and 2^ method have been abandoned for a lot of reasons.

PRESENT PRESENT  The Available Technique is considered the OSTWALD process and its variants.  At the moment all plants for the production of nitric acid are currently based on the same basic chemical operations, developed on original process called “OSTWALD, which includes: – Oxidation of ammonia with air to give nitric oxide. – Oxidation of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and absorption in water to give a solution of nitric acid.

 The first step reaction is carried out at low pressure whereas the second step is at high pressure. These considerations, combined with economic reasons give rise to two types of nitric acid plant, Single pressure plants and Dual pressure plants.

 In the single pressure plant, the oxidation and absorption steps take place at the same pressure. In dual pressure plants absorption takes place at a higher pressure than the oxidation stage.  The oxidation and absorption steps can be classified as:- – Low pressure (pressure below 1.7bar) – Medium pressure (pressure between 1.7 and 6.5bar) – High pressure (pressure between 6.5 and 13bar)

 The main unit operations involved in the nitric acid process is same for all types of plant and in sequential order these are:-  – Air filtration.  – Air compression.  – Air/ammonia mixing.  – Air/ammonia oxidation over catalytic gauzes.  – Energy recovery by steam generation and/or gas re-heating, Gas cooling. gas re-heating, Gas cooling.

 Gas compression, energy recovery and cooling (dual pressure plants only).  Absorption with the production of nitric acid.  Waste gas (tail gas) heating.  Energy recovery by expansion of the waste gas to atmosphere, in a gas turbine. waste gas to atmosphere, in a gas turbine.

The problems and disadvantages of this, OSTWALD process are : The problems and disadvantages of this, OSTWALD process are :  The use of Ammonia as a raw material, that have a cost and is dangerous.  Explosion risk in every step of line for formation of Ammonia explosive mix.  Explosion risk in absorbing column for formation of Nitrous/Nitric explosive mix.

 Toxic risk for handling and storage of Ammonia.  Liquid waste to treat from boiler and heat exchanger.  Solid waste as salt from boiler, from condensing tower and catalyst.  Gas emission as NOx between 200 to 3500 ppmv to treat.

 Precious catalyst loss (Platinum-Rhodium) around 0.2 to 0.25 gm/ T of HNO3.  High temperature in line, until +900 °C.  High pressure in line, until 13 Bar.  High Power requirement for operation. Only some part of power partially generated by self-production.

 Produced acid to 40-60% in water. If need more concentrated acid is necessary a Final step with Sulphuric Acid.  Use of equipments expensive and need for careful monitoring.

OLD Plasma Technology Process: OLD Plasma Technology Process:  The AIR have around 21% of Oxygen and 78% of Nitrogen plus a very little other gas as Carbon Dioxide and others.  At the beginning of Year 1900 the production of nitric acid was also made with this process known as Birkeland-Eyde or arch, from oxygen and atmospheric nitrogen.

This process has been abandoned for a number of reasons that did not meet the demand of the industry, including: A : Technological difficulty in past time to have the right components as pumps, spray nozzle, corrosion resistant materials and others. B : High consumption of electricity & operating cost.

The New Plasma Technology process The New Plasma Technology process  High Voltage Ionisation  High Voltage Ionisation 1) N2 + 2O > 2NO2 gas Wet Reactor Wet Reactor 2) 3NO2 + H2O ---> 2HNO3 + NO 2) 3NO2 + H2O ---> 2HNO3 + NO liquid + gas (Untreated) liquid + gas (Untreated) Recirculation with High Voltage Ionisation & Cold Plasma Recirculation with High Voltage Ionisation & Cold Plasma

3) 2NO + O > 2NO2 gas 3) 2NO + O > 2NO2 gas Wet Reactor Wet Reactor 4) 2NO2 + 2H > 2HNO3 4) 2NO2 + 2H > 2HNO3 Final Product liquid Final Product liquid The N2 gas added with O2 gas go in first step where cross a special High Voltage Reactor. In this reactor the N2 react with O2 to form NO + NO2 = NOx (reaction 1) NO + NO2 = NOx (reaction 1)

 The Air is filtered to remove dust and other materials and blowers in the first step where air enters into a special VVX’s Cold Plasma Reactor.  In this reactor the N2 react with O2 to form NO + NO2 = NOx (reaction 1) NO + NO2 = NOx (reaction 1)

 The NOx cross a special wet reactor in which it is contacted with a diffuses fog water.  The only NO2 in NOx react with water to form Nitric Acid (reactions 2).  The partially unreacted NO return to Cold plasma reactor to complete the reaction into NO2 ( reaction 1).

 The unreacted NO and the excess N2 goes to Waste Air Treatment Plant by second blowers.  The Nitric Acid produced is drained as a liquid from wet reactor and go in some tanks for storage.  The water need for reactions can be taken from river, lake or well and is treated to remove the pollutants.

 Finally this water cross a deionising plant to Osmosis or Resin before to go to fog nozzle inside the wet reactor.  The Waste Air Treatment Plant is foresee to Biofilter, with special biomass preinoculated of bacteria.  The waste air treated, rich only in Nitrogen gas, is unload in environment

Advantage of VVX’s process : Advantage of VVX’s process : 1. The start gas is simply to have is nitrogen & oxygen from Air. & oxygen from Air. 2. The oxidizing reaction of the nitrogen is at ambient temp. & press. Thank the utilization of Cold Plasma Technology. 3. The synthesis reaction of nitric acid by NO2 is carried from low temp. & press., until ambient temp. & press.

4. Catalyst Not required. 5. Energy requirement can be self- produced with Solar Panel and Wind produced with Solar Panel and Wind Turbine.. Turbine.. 6. Only final product is conc. Acid and require special storage. require special storage. 7. No need of high press. or high temp. vessels and piping.

8. No explosion risk. 9. Less risks of chemical accidents. 10. No high corrosion in piping, pumps, blowers and others thanks the low Press. & temp. 11. No cost for raw chemicals & energy. 12. No cost for storage of raw chemicals. 13. Eco-friendly

Thank You For Your Attention.