Failed Policies: A Diplomatic History of Modern US-Cuban Relations Al Jacobs South Georgia History Project Wiregrass History Consortium
In the past 50 years, nearly every nation in the world has liberalized and entered the global economy. Cuba is a notable exception. Why? Why? In the past 50 years, nearly every nation in the world has liberalized and entered the global economy. Cuba is a notable exception. Why? Why?
Major Themes Castro has out-maneuvered every US President since Kennedy – How? What is the future of Cuba? References: Zbigniew Brezinski papers, Carter Presidential Library Books – see handout
90 miles from the US Unique culture Large and fertile An ideal resort destination
Since 1958, every US President’s policies for Cuba have failed, most in a spectacular manner. Why?
Cuba – Playground of the Western Hemisphere
Meyer Lansky Fulgencio Batista
January 1959 Triumph of the Revolution
January 1960
Confrontation January 1960 – November 1963
Bay of Pigs – APR 17, 1961
Operation Mongoose De-stabilization De-stabilization NOV ’61- APR ’64 NOV ’61- APR ’64 Sabotage and Subversion Sabotage and Subversion Assassination Attempts Assassination Attempts Mafia involvement Mafia involvement
13 Days in October 1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis
Johnson – Nixon Support of Vietnam General Agriculture & Economic Failures Export of La Revolucion to Latin America & Africa Che KIA,Soviet Proxy State Cuban Exile Destabilization
Jimmy Carter The Mariel Boat Lift April ,000 Cubans 1425 criminals and persons with mental illness repatriated 600 remain in US prisons today Most Marielitos are now citizens.
Reagan-Bush Iran-Contra Affair Cuban support of Daniel Ortega and the Sandinista government in Nicaragua
“Periodo Especial en Tiempo de Paz” Fidel Castro Soviet subsidy withdrawal in 1990 leads to economic freefall. Soviet subsidy withdrawal in 1990 leads to economic freefall. One crop economy One crop economy US embargo US embargo
Clinton Balseros – the New Immigrants. AUG 1994 – 32,000 rafters
Elian Gonzales-Apr 2000 Question – Did this picture a. Cost Al Gore the 2000 vote in FL?,or b. Make Janet Reno a pariah in her hometown?, or c. both? HINT: You can’t guess wrong here!
Bush, 2005 Will he ever die? Will it matter?
Cuba Today
Jineteras Helms-Burton Who does it hurt?
“Fidel is an old man who can’t admit he made a mistake.” Cuban official
THE GREAT DAY Hurrah for revolution and more cannon-shot! A beggar upon horseback lashes a beggar on foot, Hurrah for revolution and cannon come again! The beggars have changed places but the lash goes on. William Butler Yeats