Alabama Air Update Ron Gore ADEM August, 2010

Topics “Re-Visit” and “Un-do” Everything Tightening of Air Quality Standards GHG’s MACT’s State Issues

Nonattainment Formal designation by EPA that an area does not meet a standard or that it contributes to an area not meeting the standard. Note: By State and Federal law, EPA has total authority over the standards and for setting boundaries of non-attainment areas.

Consequences of Nonattainment Considered to have unhealthy air Transportation planning must consider air quality impacts( mostly procedural) Obstacles to growth of large new industries

National Ambient Air Quality Standards June 2010 National Ambient Air Quality Standards June 2010 Primary Standards Secondary Standards PollutantLevelAveraging TimeLevel Averaging Time Status Implication s Carbon Monoxide 9 ppm8-hour None EPA may tighten in 3 to 5 years. None for Alabama 35 ppm1-hour Lead0.15 µg/m 3 Rolling 3 month average Same as Primary EPA has proposed to change the ambient monitoring threshold to 0.50 tons per year. At least 1 new nonattainmen t area and up to 10 new monitors in Alabama. Nitrogen Dioxide 53 ppb Annual (Arithmetic Average) 53 ppb Annual (Arithmetic Average) 1-hour standard was finalized on February 9, At least 1 new nonattainmen t area and up to 2 new monitors. See Note ppb1-hour Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) 150 µg/m 3 24-hour Same as Primary No changes expected in the near future None for Alabama Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) 15.0 µg/m 3 Annual (Arithmetic Average) Same as Primary EPA may lower the annual standard to 10-13µg/m 3 and lower the 24- hour standard to 25-35µg/m 3. Proposal expected around November Approximatel y 3-7 new nonattainmen t areas. 35 µg/m 3 24-hour Ozone (o 3 ) 75 ppb8-hour Same as Primary EPA has proposed to tighten the NAAQS to within the range of 60 – 70 ppb and a secondary standard within the range of 7-15 ppm-hours. Final standards to be issued by August 31, possible new nonattainmen t areas and up to 4 new monitors. Sulfur Dioxide 30 ppb Annual (Arithmetic Average) 500 ppb 3-hour EPA has proposed to tighten the primary NAAQS to a level of 75 ppb measured over 1-hour. The proposed changes would not affect the secondary NAAQS. Final standards issued on June 2, Some new nonattainmen t areas and 6 to 8 new monitors. See Note ppb24-hour

Ozone Status: EPA has proposed to tighten the NAAQS to within the range of 60-70ppb and a secondary standard within the range of 7- 15ppm-hours. Final standards to be issued by August 31,2010. Implications for Alabama: 3-9 possible new nonattainment areas and up to 4 new monitors.

Lauderdale Franklin Colbert DeKalb Jackson Madison Limestone Lamar Blount Cullman Winston Marion Morgan Marshall Lawrence Tuscaloosa St.Clair Cherokee Etowah Jefferson Walker Fayette Bibb Hale Greene Sumter Pickens Cleburne Calhoun Tallapoosa Perry Coosa Chilton Randolph Talladega Clay Shelby Montgomery Autauga Elmore Dallas Marengo Choctaw Chambers Lowndes Macon Lee Russell Bullock Wilcox Washington Clarke Monroe Butler Crenshaw Pike Barbour Henry Dale Coffee Covington Conecuh Escambia Mobile Baldwin Geneva Houston Counties Over an 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS of 65 ppb O 3 < 65 ppb O 3 > 65 ppb

Lauderdale Franklin Colbert DeKalb Jackson Madison Limestone Lamar Blount Cullman Winston Marion Morgan Marshall Lawrence Tuscaloosa St.Clair Cherokee Etowah Jefferson Walker Fayette Bibb Hale Greene Sumter Pickens Cleburne Calhoun Tallapoosa Perry Coosa Chilton Randolph Talladega Clay Shelby Montgomery Autauga Elmore Dallas Marengo Choctaw Chambers Lowndes Macon Lee Russell Bullock Wilcox Washington Clarke Monroe Butler Crenshaw Pike Barbour Henry Dale Coffee Covington Conecuh Escambia Mobile Baldwin Geneva Houston O 3 < 65 ppb O 3 > 65 ppb Worst Case Nonattainment Areas based on an 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS of 65 ppb

Previous Ozone NAAQS 1975 to units 1998 to units 2008 to units FUTURE60 to 70 units

Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Status: EPA may lower the annual standard to 10-13µg/m 3 and lower the 24-hour standard to 25-35µg/m 3. Proposal expected around November Implications for Alabama: Approximately 3-7 new nonattainment areas.

Previous PM2.5 Standards Units Units Future12 Units

Sulfur Dioxide Status: On June 2, 2010, EPA tightened the primary NAAQS to 75 ppb measured over 1-hour. EPA revoked the 24-hour NAAQS (140 ppb) and the annual NAAQS (30 ppb). Implications for Alabama: Some new nonattainment areas and 4 to 6 new monitors. ADEM has performed modeling of two SO2 and NO2 sources. (A power plant and a pipeline compressor station) The results of this modeling indicate that these type sources will have difficulty complying with the revised standards.

Nitrogen Dioxide Status: 1-hour standard was finalized on February 9, Implications for Alabama: At least 1 new nonattainment area and up to 2 new monitors. ADEM has performed modeling of two SO2 and NO2 sources. (A power plant and a pipeline compressor station) The results of this modeling indicate that these type sources will have difficulty complying with the revised standards.

Timelines for New Standards Ozone-Designation process could be complete by late 2011 PM 2.5- Late 2012 at earliest SO2 and NOx- Late 2015 or later

Lead Status: EPA has proposed to change the ambient monitoring threshold to 0.50 tons per year. Implications for Alabama: At least 1 new nonattainment area and up to 10 new monitors.

Carbon Monoxide Status: EPA may tighten in 3 to 5 years. Implications for Alabama: None

Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) Status: No changes expected in the near future Implications for Alabama: None

GHG’s States have no role in reporting rule The GHG permitting rules, to a great extent, involve useless red tape, EXCEPT

Exception EPA is insisting that BACT includes such things as:  Alternate fuels  Plant-wide energy audits  Alternate processes

State Rule for GHG’s ADEM hopes to present rule change to the Environmental Management Commission for adoption in December Rules would raise PSD thresholds to EPA’s levels Asking EPA to parallel process a SIP change

MACT’s Start-ups, Shutdown, and Malfunction Franken-MACT

State Issues Title V fee $35/ton for next few years No fees for GHG’s Will do rulemaking for Title V and GHG’s later Personnel change