12.7 Surface Area of Spheres Angela Isac Abby Kern 1st hour

Objectives Recognize and define basic properties of spheres. Find surface areas of spheres.

What is a Sphere? A sphere is the locus of all points that are a given distance from a given point called the center. To help visualize a sphere, consider infinitely congruent circles in space that all have the same point for their center.

Properties of Spheres A radius of a sphere is a segment with endpoints that are the center of the sphere and a point on the sphere. In the figure, DA, DB, and DC are radii. A chord of a sphere is a segment with endpoints that are points on the sphere. In the figure, GF and AB are chords. A diameter is a chord that contains the center of the sphere. In the figure, AB is the diameter. A tangent to a sphere is a line that intersects the sphere in exactly one point. In the figure, JH is a tangent to the sphere at point E.

Great Circles When a plane intersects a sphere so that it contains the center of the sphere, the intersection is called a great circle. A great circle has the same center as the sphere, and its radii are also radii of the sphere.

Hemispheres Each great circle separates a sphere into two congruent halves, each called a hemisphere. A hemisphere has a circular base.

Example #1 In the figure, O is the center of the sphere, and plane R intersects the sphere in circle A. If AO = 3cm and OB=10cm, find AB.

Example #1 Cont. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for AB. OB2 = AB2 + AO2 Pythagorean Theorem 102 = AB2 + 32 OB = 10, AO = 3 100 = AB2 + 9 Simplify. 91 = AB2 Subtract 9 from each side. 9.5 = AB Use a calculator. Answer: AB is approximately 9.5cm.

Surface Area of Spheres If a sphere has a surface area of T square units and a radius of r units, then T= 4 r2 This is simply saying that the surface area (T) of the sphere is 4 times the area of the great circle ( r2).

Example #2 Find the surface area of the sphere given the area of the great circle.

Example #2 Cont. Use the formula for surface area to solve. T = 4 r2 Surface are of the sphere. T = 4(201.1) r2 = 201.1 T = 804.4 Multiply. Answer: 804.4 in2

Area of a Hemisphere Since a hemisphere is half a sphere, to find its surface area, find half of the surface area of the sphere and add the area of the great circle. T = ½(4 r2) + r2

Example #3 Find the area of the hemisphere.

Example #3 Cont. Use the formula for the surface area of a hemisphere to solve. T = ½(4 r2) + r2 Surface are of a hemisphere T = ½[4 (4.2)2] + (4.2)2 Substitution T = 166.3 Use a calculator. Answer: 166.3cm2

Assignment Pre-AP Geometry: Page 674 #10 - 29