EIN 6133 Enterprise Systems Engineering Chin-Sheng Chen Florida International University

T6: Engineering process Engineering process Engineering process –Need and specification –Modeling and analysis –Functional design –Implementation design

The ESE Framework – Re-visit Enterprise element WorkDecisionResourceInformation System facet Strategy Competency (capability) CapacityStructure Engineering activity SpecificationAnalysisDesign implementat ion Performance measure QualityTimeCost Benefit (profit)

Readings & References Readings: Readings: –HEA: Chapter 2 Reference Reference –Product design and development by Karl Ulrich and S. Eppinger, McGraw-Hill, 2002

Engineering process – need and specification (1) Need, definition Need, definition –An attribute of a potential system (product) that is desired by the customer. –Other names: customer attributes, customer requirements Guideline for need statements Guideline for need statements –Express the need in terms of what the system (product) has to do, not how. –Express the need as specific as possible –Use positive, not negative phrasing –Express the need as an attribute of the system (product). –Avoid using the words must and should. –Organize needs into a hierarchy –Establish their relative importance

Engineering process – need and specification (2) Specification, definition Specification, definition –A precise description of what the system (product) has to do. –A specification has a metric and a value. A value may take on several forms such as a number or a range. –A specifications is a set of the individual specifications. –Other terms used: system (product) requirements, engineering characteristics, technical specifications system (product) requirements, engineering characteristics, technical specifications

Engineering process – need and specification (3) Specification types: Specification types: Target specifications: Target specifications: –Preliminary, ideal specifications Final specifications (in the contract book) Final specifications (in the contract book) –Final specifications depend on what customers needs, what customers needs, what is technical and economic feasible and what is technical and economic feasible and what our competitors offer in the market place. what our competitors offer in the market place.

Engineering process – need and specification (4) Metrics Metrics –The most useful metrics are those that reflect as directly as possible the degree to which the system (product) satisfies the customer need. –Metrics must be precise and measurable such that meeting specifications lead to satisfaction of the related customer needs –A need may be translated into more than one metrics, and one metrics may satisfy one or multiple needs.

Engineering process – need and specification (5) Setting metrics value Setting metrics value –Competitive benchmarking –Set ideal and marginally acceptable target –Develop technical and economic models to assess feasibility –Use the above data to create competitive maps and conduct trade-off analysis

Engineering process – need and specification (6) Hierarchy of system specifications Hierarchy of system specifications –Each system (product) may have a hierarchy of subsystems (products). –Each subsystem has its specifications –Therefore, the overall specifications for the system must be decomposed (or flowed down) to hierarchical sets of specifications, one for each subsystem.

Engineering process – modeling and analysis (1) Model, definition Model, definition –Analytical or physical approximation of the system (product), used as a tool for predicting the values of the metrics for a particular set of design decisions –Models can be focused or comprehensive, depending on the degree to which they implement all of the attributes of the system (product). –Various models (including prototypes) may be developed to support the engineering process including system specification, engineering analysis, functional design, and implementation design. –Modeling: the process for creating a model that reflects a desired system representation for understanding, assessment, and/or communication. the process for creating a model that reflects a desired system representation for understanding, assessment, and/or communication. Two well-known models: AS-IS and TO-BE. Two well-known models: AS-IS and TO-BE.

Engineering process – modeling and analysis (2) Analysis, Def. Analysis, Def. –An engineering activity that uses a mathematical means or an engineering tool (such as a system or its model) to understand and assess its behaviors and understand and assess its behaviors and Determine its desired end and the most efficient method of obtaining this (that is, to seek an optimal technical solution) Determine its desired end and the most efficient method of obtaining this (that is, to seek an optimal technical solution) –It may be exercised in all engineering phases. –Engineering analysis types: A technical decision for A technical decision for –A specification –A system (product) solution approach –A functional design –An implementation design

Engineering process – modeling and analysis (3) Engineering analysis Engineering analysis –ESE focus The system level of engineering analysis The system level of engineering analysis –The ESE analysis activity at system level Input: Input: –System (product) specifications Output: Output: –A technical solution approach A conceptual design, for example A conceptual design, for example

Engineering process – modeling and analysis (4) Example of engineering analysis I Example of engineering analysis I –A die design: Analysis issue: whether to use a progressive die or engineering dies. Analysis issue: whether to use a progressive die or engineering dies. Technical solution approach: use a sequence of engineering dies Technical solution approach: use a sequence of engineering dies Output: the WIP shape and size specification for each engineering die and its QA guidelines. Output: the WIP shape and size specification for each engineering die and its QA guidelines. Example of engineering analysis II Example of engineering analysis II –An enterprise system design Analysis issue: whether to use client-server or web-based system Analysis issue: whether to use client-server or web-based system Solution: use a hybrid approach of client-server and web-based. Solution: use a hybrid approach of client-server and web-based. Output: Interface and response time specifications. Output: Interface and response time specifications.

Engineering process – functional design (1) Functional design, def. Functional design, def. –An activity that translates a conceptual design into an engineered system (product) design which meets the functional requirements as specified. –It should include industrial design, such as use interface design and usability use interface design and usability Security and safety design Security and safety design Functional design types Functional design types –Architectural design System architecture System architecture Subsystems architecture Subsystems architecture –Components design

Engineering process – functional design (2) Architecture, Def Architecture, Def –A drawing (or structure) of something –A representation of all the processes involved in the life cycle of the something. System architecture, Def. System architecture, Def. –A scheme by which the functional elements of the system are arranged into physical blocks and by which the blocks interact.

Engineering process – functional design (3) Architectural design output (product) Architectural design output (product) –Geometric layout Assembly model Assembly model Bill of Materials (BOM) Bill of Materials (BOM) –Relationships Fundamental interactions Fundamental interactions Incidental interactions Incidental interactions –Flow designs: Coolant flows, Coolant flows, Mechanical & electrical flows Mechanical & electrical flows Material channels (runways) Material channels (runways)

Engineering process – functional design (4) Architectural design output (physical system) Architectural design output (physical system) –Geometric layout Plant layout Plant layout List of plant components List of plant components –Relationship Fundamental interactions Fundamental interactions Incidental interactions Incidental interactions –Flow designs: Aisles, staircases, driveways, conveyers Aisles, staircases, driveways, conveyers

Engineering process – functional design (5) Architectural design output (Computer/ Management Systems) Architectural design output (Computer/ Management Systems) –Layout design Menu layout (organization chart) Menu layout (organization chart) Listing of menu items (components) Listing of menu items (components) –Relationship design –Flow design information and work flows information and work flows Business processes Business processes Communication channels Communication channels

Engineering process – functional design (6) Components design Components design –For product Competency and specifications Competency and specifications 2D/3D part drawings 2D/3D part drawings –For physical system Competency and specifications Competency and specifications 2D/3D component drawings 2D/3D component drawings –For managerial system Competency and specifications Competency and specifications functional procedures and diagrams, flowcharts, formulas, report, etc. functional procedures and diagrams, flowcharts, formulas, report, etc. –For computer system Competency and specifications Competency and specifications Detailed object models, dynamic models, Detailed object models, dynamic models, functional procedures and diagrams, flowcharts, formulas, report, etc. functional procedures and diagrams, flowcharts, formulas, report, etc.

Engineering process – functional design (7) The three system layers - revisit –Physical system Management system Management system –Computer management system

Engineering process – implementation design (1) Implementation design Implementation design –Implementation approach –System-wide implementation plan –Detailed implementation plan Deployment design Deployment design –Deployment approach –(Process modeling and analysis) –Installation process design –Training design –Data migration design –Validation design –Switch-over design

Engineering process – implementation design (2) For product design For product design –Technical solution approach Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology –For example, material deformation (casting, molding, die-forming, crystal growing, etc.), removal (machining), or joining (welding) –System-wide implementation plan Assembly process plans Assembly process plans –Component implementation plan Component process plans Component process plans

Engineering process – implementation design (3) For physical system design For physical system design –Technical solution approach Implementation technology Implementation technology –For example, use modular or integrated approach –System-wide implementation plan High-level project action plan High-level project action plan –Component implementation plan Component process plans Component process plans

Engineering process – implementation design (4) For managerial systems design For managerial systems design –Technical solution approach Implementation technology Implementation technology –For example, use modular or integrated approach –System-wide implementation plan System-level implementation plan System-level implementation plan –Component implementation plan Component implementation plan Component implementation plan

Engineering process – implementation design (5) For computer system design (1) For computer system design (1) –Technical solution approach Implementation environment & tools Implementation environment & tools –For coding: C++ vs. Java –For structure: 3-layer vs. integrated

Engineering process – implementation design (6) For computer system design (3) For computer system design (3) –System-wide implementation plan Project management Project management –Change management and version control –Packaging and installation process System implementation plan System implementation plan –Guidelines for code structure, user interface design and documentation –Library of system standard components Testing Testing –Test policy and guidelines –Classes of tests –Expected software responses –Performance bounds –Identification of critical components System debugging System debugging –Policy and strategy

Engineering process – implementation design (7) For computer system design (3) For computer system design (3) –Component implementation plan Flow implementation design Flow implementation design –Program interface, flowchart, variables, parameters. User interface implementation design User interface implementation design –Interface details, messages design, on-line help & search –Form design –Data design (internal, global and temporary data structure in implementation, & variable conventions) Software interface Software interface –Machine interface and system interface Database implementation design Database implementation design –Table list, definition, and relationship

Engineering process – implementation design (8) Deployment design (1) Deployment design (1) –Deployment approach Unit by unit, or function by function Unit by unit, or function by function Top down or bottom up Top down or bottom up –Installation (upgrade) process design Automatic or manual Automatic or manual –Training process design Development of use cases Development of use cases Training programming Training programming –by unit or by function –Top down or bottom up Online training Online training

Engineering process – implementation design (9) Deployment design (2) Deployment design (2) –Data migration/entry process design Automatic or manual entry Automatic or manual entry –Validation process design by phase or one time by phase or one time –Switch-over process design Gradual or one time Gradual or one time

Engineering process – with focus on methods and techniques (1) ESE is different from other enterprise system-related efforts in its emphasis for development and application of methods and techniques to each engineering activity. They are: ESE is different from other enterprise system-related efforts in its emphasis for development and application of methods and techniques to each engineering activity. They are: Specification methods and techniques Specification methods and techniques Modeling and analysis methods and techniques Modeling and analysis methods and techniques Design and optimization methods and techniques Design and optimization methods and techniques Implementation planning methods and techniques Implementation planning methods and techniques

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (2) Enterprise strategy engineering process Enterprise strategy engineering process 1. Create (specify) strategic identity 2. Conduct strategic analysis 3. Formulate (design) strategy 4. Develop strategy implementation plan

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (3) Enterprise strategy engineering process (1) Enterprise strategy engineering process (1) –Create the strategic identity Define a mission Define a mission Develop a vision Develop a vision Declare strategic intent Declare strategic intent Identify core work (product/service) Identify core work (product/service)

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (4) Enterprise strategy engineering process (2) Enterprise strategy engineering process (2) –Conduct strategic analysis Develop an industry foresight Develop an industry foresight Identify current market, product/service and resource concepts Identify current market, product/service and resource concepts (Identify required new competencies) (Identify required new competencies)

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (5) Enterprise strategy engineering process (3) Enterprise strategy engineering process (3) –Design (formulate) strategy (Develop a balanced portfolio of capabilities) (Develop a balanced portfolio of capabilities) (Develop a resource and capability acquisition agenda) (Develop a resource and capability acquisition agenda) Strategically position the company Strategically position the company Create generic product strategies Create generic product strategies Develop generic market strategies Develop generic market strategies

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (6) Enterprise strategy engineering process Enterprise strategy engineering process –Design (formulate) strategy (3-1) Strategically position the company (as a prospector, analyzer, defender or reactor), according to: Strategically position the company (as a prospector, analyzer, defender or reactor), according to: –Org. readiness for risk taking –Readiness for developing new products –Technological orientation –Administrative orientation (type of company control)

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (7) Enterprise strategy engineering process Enterprise strategy engineering process –Design (formulate) strategy (3-2) Create generic product strategies Create generic product strategies –Low cost or price differentiation –Image differentiation (distinctive design) –Support differentiation (after-sales service) –Quality differentiation –Design differentiation (added, improved production functionality) –Penetration strategy –Bundling strategy –Market, product and diversification strategies

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (8) Enterprise strategy engineering process Enterprise strategy engineering process –Design (formulate) strategy (3-3) Develop generic market strategies Develop generic market strategies –Size and diversity –Location (local, regional, national, global) –Stage of evolution Emerging market Emerging market Established market Established market Eroding market Eroding market Erupting market Erupting market

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (9) Enterprise strategy engineering process Enterprise strategy engineering process –Develop strategy implementation plan (4-1) Plan to articulate and codify strategy, by translating it into Plan to articulate and codify strategy, by translating it into –Strategic vision –Strategic objectives –Key success factors –(Key performance indicators) –(Key personal performance indicators) Plan to evaluate strategy Plan to evaluate strategy –For consistency, consonance, advantages, and feasibility

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (10) Enterprise strategy engineering process Enterprise strategy engineering process –Develop strategy implementation plan (4-2) Plan to elaborate strategy Plan to elaborate strategy –Transform the strategy into executable and operational plans in strategic and annual plans Plan to promote strategy Plan to promote strategy –To be advertised, debated, understood, and accepted by all employees Plan to execute strategy Plan to execute strategy –For launch of projects to implement the strategy –For carry-out of projects via execution actions, monitoring, and control –For evaluation of project success and strategy performance

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (11) Enterprise competency engineering process Enterprise competency engineering process 1. Specify enterprise’s competency gaps, based on vision and strategy plans for product/service –Identify required new competencies 2. Conduct analysis for a technical approach to bridging the time-phased competency gaps –Identify a solution approach such as buying (licensing or outsourcing), cultivating, and/or co-developing. 3. Design a competency acquisition map –Develop a balanced portfolio of capabilities –Create a resource and capability acquisition agenda 4. Develop an implementation plan for securing required competencies –Develop a hiring & training plan for in-house resource acquisition –Develop a competency qualification plan for external resource acquisition

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (12) Enterprise capacity engineering process Enterprise capacity engineering process 1. Specify enterprise’s capacity gaps, based on vision, strategy, and competency. –Identify required new capacity 2. Conduct analysis for a technical approach to bridging the time-phased capacity gaps –Identify a solution approach such as buying (licensing or outsourcing), or cultivating a resource (a machine, a worker, or a computer system including an ERP system) 3. Design a capacity acquisition/decommission map –Develop a balanced portfolio of capacity requirement –Create a resource acquisition/decommission agenda 4. Develop an implementation plan for meeting time-phased capacity requirement –Develop a hiring & training plan for in-house human resource –Develop an acquisition plan for qualified external resources –Develop decommission plan for excessive resources

Engineering process – activity methods and techniques (13) Enterprise structure engineering process Enterprise structure engineering process 1. Define enterprise system structural specifications, based on vision strategy, competency, and capacity requirement for product/service 2. Conduct analysis for a technical approach to enterprise system structuring –Decide on a conceptual solution such as a job shop vs. a cellular shop –Furthermore, possible migrating from a job-shop structure to a cellular layout over time 3. Design an enterprise system structure –Enterprise structural design for physical, managerial, and computer systems –Enterprise component design for the three system elements Develop an implementation plan for enterprise system structure Develop an implementation plan for enterprise system structure –Implementation plan for physical, managerial, and computer systems structure –Implementation plan for physical, managerial, and computer systems component.

T6: Home work Identify and classify 2 ESE tools that could be used to perform an engineering activity with. Identify and classify 2 ESE tools that could be used to perform an engineering activity with. Due: next week. Due: next week.