Gardner Piaget Vygotsky Montesorri

 Stanford-Binet  Average score of intelligence quotient is 90 – 110  Below 75 shows disability  Above 180 profound intelligence

 Some tests give greater weight to certain abilities  Illness or stress experienced by the child  Does not tell us much about individual strengths or weaknesses  Culture bias

 Howard Gardner  People learn in different ways.  People are smart in different ways.

 Ability to learn languages  Use language  How would they learn better?

 Math oriented  Logical thinking  Orders  How would they learn better?

 Use of space  Artistic  How would they learn better?

 Beats  Sounds  How would they learn better?

 Athletic  Like to move  How would they learn better?

 Other people  Social  How would they learn better?

 Oneself  Understand their feelings, goals  How would they learn better?

 Outdoorsy  How would they learn better?

 Sensorimotor – birth to 2 years old  Preoperational – 2 – 7 years old  Concrete Operational- 7 – 11 years old  Formal Operational – 11 – adult  What are the characteristics of each?

 Vygotsky believed that learning is based on language and social interaction.  Parents, teachers, and peers promote learning  Learning takes place in, and is dependent, upon the social environment.

 Vygotsky believed that rather than learning new things because you are developmentally ready, you become developmentally ready after you learn new things.

 Maria Montessori believed that children would learn naturally if placed in an environment containing the appropriate learning materials.

 Focuses on the development of the senses, language, and motor skills.  Children learn by themselves or from each other.  A teacher never interrupts a student who is engaged in a task.  Learning stations