 Coral reef spawning  animals/other-invertebrates/coralreef_spawning/ animals/other-invertebrates/coralreef_spawning/

asexual OR sexual reproduction

1. Sexes exist as separate male and female 2. Hermaphrodite 3. Parthenogenesis (babies produced from unfertilized eggs)

 External  Internal

 Single pair matings  Multiple matings of individuals  Polygamy: polygyny, polyandry  promiscuity

 The survival of the young depends on both parents.  What for?  Partners for the breeding season, or partners for life?

 Polyandry  Polygyny

 Harem polygyny 1 dominant male (bird) in a group of females.  Serial polygyny 1 male attracts passing females. Lekking

 Female is often larger and more brightly coloured.  Male is in charge of the incubation, the female moves on.

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 Quick and many (r- selection)  Slower and fewer (K- selection)

 Oviparity Eggs are released and embryos develop outside the body.  Viviparity Embryos develop within the mother’s body and are born as miniature copies of the adult.

 Reptile and bird eggs  Fish eggs

 Many animals guard eggs, and feed their young after they hatch.  ALL mammals care for their young for some period of time after birth. Interesting cases; - Emperor penguin - Australian mallee fowl - Australian marsupials

 In many animals- just before each fertilization event.  Some animals have breeding seasons.  Spawning season, mating season.  Can depend on environmental conditions.

 Occurs with pollen transfer.  Pollen may be transferred between plants by the following means;  cycles-sexual-reproduction-1191/ cycles-sexual-reproduction-1191/

 P388 Quick check sea  P416 Q5 r&K  P393 Quick check mating systems  P395 Quick check r&K  P399 Quick check eggs

Homeostasis is…  The condition of a relatively stable internal environment maintained within narrow limits.