Job Design Rajibul Ratul

PAQ (Position Analysis Questionnaire) appears in 1970s Dr. Edward McCormick PAQ Services operates as an independent firm dedicated solely to job analysis services. In operation since the late 1960s, PAQ was founded by Dr. Edward McCormick, who concurrently assisted in creating the DOT( Dictionary of Occupational Titles )‘s Selected Characteristics of Occupations, used continuously since then in the U.S. Dictionary of Occupational Titles. In 1974, after testing of the PAQ measurement instruments with projects for the US Navy, PAQ was incorporated as an Indiana corporation (and so exists today).

PAQ model developed by McCormick, Jeanneret, and Mecham (1972), is a structured instrument of job analysis to measure job characteristics and relate them to human characteristics. It consists of 194 job elements that describe generic human work behaviors.

Method Position Analysis Questionnaire Scope of Use Wide Positions Advantages High speed, Low cost, wide use Disadvantages Independently filling the forms, need instruction and quality supervision

Why Why - job purpose What What to do (What) - job activities, results, standards How How to do (How) – work processes, tools, requirement When When - work time and deadline Where Where - natural environment and social environment. For who For who – Whom you should report to? Who will supervise? Who will receive the information? Who Who – Requirements for the jobholder’s physical quality, knowledge, skills, education, training, experience, personality traits and other related requirements

194 items of job elements includes 6 categories: Interpersonal activities36 elements Work situation and job context (the physical and social environment) 19 elements Information input35 elements Mental processes (decisions; arrangements)14 elements Work output (physical activities and tools needs) 49 elements Other related aspects (such as working time arrangement or way of compensation) 41 elements

Job Dimensions 1. Information Input 2. Mental Process 3. Work Output 4. Interpersonal activities 5. Work situation and job context 6. Other related aspects

Dimension 1-Information Input 1. Explaining the perceived information 2. Using a variety of information sources 3. Paying attention to the tools and materials used for achieving information 4. Evaluating/judging the perceived information 5. Perceived environmental conditions During your work, those information you have dealed with is frequently 1. original and unprocessed information 2. information after preliminary process 3. highly comprehensive information

Dimension 1-Information Input 1. Explaining the perceived information 2. Using a variety of information sources 3. Paying attention to the tools and materials used for achieving information 4. Evaluating/judging the perceived information 5. Perceived environmental conditions In the following information, which one is frequently the basis of your decision-making. 1. Facts 2. Facts and background information 3. Facts, background information and obscure information 4. Facts, background information and obscure information, and also some information that is difficult to determine whether or not related.

Dimension 4: Interpersonal Relationships 1. Exchanging and judging the relevant information 2. Mainly general interpersonal contact 3. Executing those work related to supervision and coordination 4. Exchanging the information related to the position 5. For public or personal contact Internal communication 1. Do not communicate with other personnel at work. 2. Only communicate with several colleagues within the department. 3. Need to communicate with the personnel in other departments SOME 4. Need to communicate with the managers in SOME other departments ALL 5. Need to communicate with the managers in ALL the other departments

Dimension 4: Interpersonal Relationships 1. Exchanging and judging the relevant information 2. Mainly general interpersonal contact 3. Executing those work related to supervision and coordination 4. Exchanging the information related to the position 5. For public or personal contact External communication 1. Don't communicate with the people outside of the company 2. Need to communicate with customers 3. Need to communicate with customers and government agencies 4. Need to communicate with customers, government agencies, suppliers, and other company personnel

Work environment Stressful or unpleasant work environment Strong self- discipline Under dangerous conditions During the everyday work, do you need to make decisions in a short time? ① No. ② Very few ③ Occasionally ④ Frequently ⑤ Extremely frequent As a result of work, the severity of the possible occupation disease ① No ② Very light ③ Medium ④ Relatively serious ⑤ Very serious