Lecture№ 18

Brief contents: 1. Joining Youngest zhuze to Russia.

“ Kazakhstan is a key and gate to Asia to many countries and peoples in the East”-Peter I

Reasons of joining Kazakhstan to Russia: ■ Military protectorate ■ Trade interest ■ Increase a territory

Protectorate is a form of colonial dependency when a dependent state keeps sovereignty in all spheres except foreign policy.

" The first decade of the XVIII century — Sh.Valikhanov wrote — was awful time in life of the Kazakh people. Dzhungars, Volga Kalmyks, yaitsk Cossacks and Bashkirs from the different parties smashed their uluses, drove away cattle and took away in captivity the whole families"

19 February 1731y. - joining Youngest zhuze to Russia Abulkhair is khan of Youngest zhuze Anna Ioannovna is Russian monarch

Two-sided obligation 1)Abulkhair bound to protect commercial caravans, to give military help, to pay yassak. In return, he asked to build a fortress for him, to secure a title of khan for him and his descendants and to guard from the incursions of Bashkirs, Kalmyks and Yaitsk Cossacks. 2) Russia in its turn pledged to protect from exterior enemies.

The process of the joining of the Kazak zhuzes to Russia was long in time and inconsistent by essence. It’s content was defined not only by the interests and aims of the foreign policy of Russia, but by the dynamics of the development of the whole system of the inter­ national relations on the provincial part of the continent by the transparence and continuity of its geographical frontiers.

Thank you of attention!!!