Assessment on Reservist Utilization on Typhoon “Yolanda” 1

SCOPE 2 A. Legal Basis B. OJ9 Plans and Programs C. Status of Reservist Units Deployment D. Assessment on Reservist Utilization E. Recommendations

LEGAL BASIS 3 Republic Act No – An act providing for the development, administration, organization, training, maintenance and utilization of the citizen armed forces of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and for other purposes. ARTICLE X UTILIZATION OF THE RESERVE FORCE Section 59. Mobilization. – The utilization of the Reserve Force in times of emergency to meet threats to national security shall be through mobilization: (1) Full Mobilization - Full mobilization shall be through the joint act of Congress and the President. When full mobilization is ordered, all units of the Ready and Standby Reserves will be activated, the reservists constituting them are called to active duty, and the units activated are placed on operational readiness. All other reservist not assigned to any unit or those assigned to reserve pools shall be organized into replacement units;

LEGAL BASIS 4 (2) Partial Mobilization - Partial Mobilization shall be through the joint act of Congress and the President. When partial mobilization is ordered, only the units of the Ready Reserve are necessary to meet the threat will be activated, the reservists assigned to these units are called to active duty and the activated units are placed on operational readiness. The president will specify the units to be activated; and (3) Selective Mobilization - Selective mobilization shall be by authority of the President. Selective mobilization may be ordered to meet a local threat or emergency situation. When so ordered, only selected units of the Ready Reserve of the Localities involved are activated and the reservist assigned to them are called to active duty; or active auxiliary units are organized and volunteer reservists are called to active auxiliary service for the purpose, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of national Defense may prescribed.

LEGAL BASIS 5 Republic Act No – An act strengthening the Philippine DRRMC, providing for the national DRRMC framework and institutionalizing the NDRRMC plan, appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes. Section 7 – Authority of NDRRMC Chairperson (SND) to call on the reserve force as defined in RA No to assist in relief and rescue during disasters or calamities.

OJ9 PLANS AND PROGRAMS 6 AFP RESERVE FORCE DRRM Methods (LOO/LOE) a. Stakeholders Engagement – AFP RESCOMs shall establish an Inter- Agency Collaboration/Partnership programs to facilitate Reserve Force development programs to support DRRM efforts b.Search, Rescue and Retrieval Operations – This activity will follow the four (4) Phases of DRRM: Phase I – Prevention & Mitigation In avoiding hazards and mitigating their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure and enhancing capacities of communities, they may assist on the following: a. Civil works b. Assist in the Enforcement of Environmental laws c. Assist in Public Education

PLANS AND PROGRAMS 7 AFP RESERVE FORCE DRRM d. Participate in information, Education & Communication (IEC) effort e. Participate in advocacy f. Assist in Hazard Mapping Training (HAZMATs) g. Conducts Training h. Participate in planning and other several related activities Phase II – Preparedness Established and strengthened capacities capacities of communities to anticipate cope and recover from the negative impacts of emergency occurrences and disasters through: a. Mainstreamed and integrate DRR and CAA in national, sectoral, regional & local development, policies, plans and budget. b. Assist in DRRM/CCA sensitive environmental management. c. Increased disaster resiliency of infrastructure systems.

PLANS AND PROGRAMS 8 AFP RESERVE FORCE DRRM d. Assist in Community based scientific DRR/CCA assessment, mapping, analysis and monitoring. e. Assist in risk transfer mechanism f. Community awareness and understanding of the Risk Factor. g. Contingency Planning at the local level ( to include Incident Command System, Early Warning System, Pre emptive evacuation, stockpiling and equipping) h. Local drill simulation exercises i. National and local Disaster Response Planning

PLANS AND PROGRAMS 9 AFP RESERVE FORCE DRRM Phase III – Response Provide life preservation and met the basic subsistence needs of affected population based on acceptable standards during or immediately after a disaster. a. Conduct search and rescue operations, evacuate casualties and victims; b. Assist in relief operations c. Provide emergency medical assistance d. Other related activities as stated in Disaster Operation Framework

PLANS AND PROGRAMS 10 AFP RESERVE FORCE DRRM Phase IV – Rehabilitation and Recovery Activities included are the following: a. Disaster Analysis Need Assessment (DANA) as the generic activity (NDRRMC DANA methodology adapted from ADPC) b. Relief Operations c. Search and Rescue /Retrieval Operations d. Dissemination/ Information sharing of Disaster- related information e. Water & sanitation (WATSAN) and health f. Development / provision of temporary shelter g. Psycho social support h. Early Recovery Mechanism i. Management of dead and missing persons j. Evacuation Management k. Social Protection Intervention

PLANS AND PROGRAMS 11 AFP RESERVE FORCE DRRM Methods (LOO/LOE) c.Humanitarian Assistance – Assist in restoring and improving facilities, livelihood and living conditions organizational capacities of affected communities, and reduced disaster risk in accordance with the “ building back better” principle. d. Support to other Agencies: Assist other government agencies in the restoration of public utilities, vital facilities and infrastructure and other related activities.

AFP RESERVE FORCE CONCEPT OF UTILIZATION TYPHOON “YOLANDA” 12 MISSION On order, the AFP Reserve Force as part of the AFP conduct Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations in order to support the Philippine Government response to the victims and survivors of Typhoon “Yolanda” in the affected regions.

AFP RESERVE FORCE CONCEPT OF UTILIZATION TYPHOON “YOLANDA” 13 SCENARIO 1: Mobilization based on RA 7077 (AFP Reservist Act of 1991) General Concept: Reservist shall replace the Regular Forces temporarily in their base camps as left behind forces and shall maintain 1/3 (Regular Force) – 2/3 (Reserve Force) ration concept. In this scenario, the deployment of reservist is limited according to their place of origin.

AFP RESERVE FORCE CONCEPT OF UTILIZATION TYPHOON “YOLANDA” 14 Deployment and Utilization: a. Manila (NCR) – Reservist in this area shall form Medical Teams coming from AFPRESCOM; PN and PAF reservist shall provide additional manpower in transporting relief goods and assist in port/base operations. b. Samar – PA Reservist to replace Regular Forces so that the regular forces may be deployed to other affected areas. c. Leyte – PA Reservist to replace Regular Forces so that the Regular Forces may be deployed to other affected areas. d. Panay – PA Reservist to replace Regular Forces so that the Regular Forces may be deployed to other affected areas. e. Cebu – PN and PAF Reserve Force provide additional manpower in transporting relief goods and assist port/base operations.

AFP RESERVE FORCE CONCEPT OF UTILIZATION TYPHOON “YOLANDA” 15 SCENARIO 2: Call on the Reserve Force based on RA (DRRM Law) COA 1: This option will allow the deployment and utilization of the Reservist applying the same concept as in the first scenario which is Mobilization (RA 7077) COA 2: Reserve Force being called (coming from non affected area) may be deployed to any affected areas as directed and determined by Higher Headquarters. Reservist may come from the following non affected areas: a. Samard. Cebu b. Leytee. Manila (Luzon) c. Panayf. Mindanao (Davao)

AFP RESERVE FORCE CONCEPT OF UTILIZATION TYPHOON “YOLANDA” 16 Deployment Priorities: AFP Reserve Units shall be deployed from three (3) Echelons follows: a. 1 st Echelon (1) Northern /Western Samar (2) Northern/Southern Leyte (3) Iloilo or Southern Panay (4) Capiz (5) Manila (NCR) (6) Cebu b. 2 nd Echelon (1) Region 5 (Bicol) (2) Mindanao c. 3 rd Echelon (1) Region 4 (2) NCR

AFP RESERVE FORCE CONCEPT OF UTILIZATION TYPHOON “YOLANDA” 17 Activities: a. Medical Services (TAS) b. Management of the Dead and Missing Person (PA) c. Transportation Service (AFPARU) d. Security (PA, PN, PAF) e. Manpower assistance (Repacking and Others) (All Reservist) f. Relief Distribution (All Reservist)

BOSDATEUNITASSETS DEPLOYED Disposition /location ActivitiesNR OF ACTIVITY PAF 18 Nov 131 st ARCEN 7 personnelCJVAB, Pasay City Repacking of relief goods 1 18 Nov 131 st ARCEN 2 personnelCJVAB, Base Opn Loading of relief goods to C PAF19 Nov 131 st ARCEN 1 Offcr/17 EP CJVAB Gym Pasay City Repacking of Relief goods 1 PAF19 Nov 131 st ARCEN 2 personnelCJVAB Base Opn Loading of relief goods to C130 1 PAF19 Nov 135 th ARCEN 12 personnel/ 8 ROTC CJVAB Base Opn Repacking of relief goods 1 RESERVIST ACTIVITIES AND DEPLOYMENTS

BOSDATEUNITASSETS DEPLOYED Disposition/ location ActivitiesNR OF ACTIVITY PN 17 Nov 13NRCEN12 personnel CJVABRepacking of relief goods 1 17 Nov 13NRCEN6 personnelCJVABHauling of relief goods 1 17 Nov 13NRCEN6 personnelCJVABHauling of relief goods 1 17 Nov 13NRCEN15 personnel Nat’l Research Office. Pasay City Repacking of relief goods 1 17 Nov 137 th Mbde NRCEN 25 personnel PMC Auditorium, BNS, Taguig City Repacking of relief goods 1

BOSDATEUNITASSETS DEPLOYED Disposition/ location ActivitiesNR OF ACTIVITY PN 17 Nov 13FBI NRCEN 20 personnel GMA Kapuso Foundation Q.C Repacking of relief goods 1 17 Nov th NROTCU, NRCEN, NCR 18 personnel Nat’l Research Office. Pasay City Repacking of relief goods 1 17 Nov th NROTCU, NRCEN SL 20 personnel Albay Atrodome, Legaspi City Repacking of relief goods 1 17 Nov th NROTC, NRCEN SL 80 personnel Irosin Auditorium Brgy Sn Juan, Sorsogon Repacking of relief goods 1

BOSDATEUNITASSETS DEPLOYED Disposition/ Location ActivitiesNR OF ACTIVITY PN 17 Nov th NROTCU, NRCEN EV 20 personnel Brgy Nailon and Gairan Bago City, Cebu Distribution of relief goods 1 17 Nov 1383 rd MRBn, NRCEN EV 6 personnelBrgy San Vicente and Esperanza Ormoc City Distribution of relief goods 1 17 Nov st Marine Coy, Reserve 9 personnelGuian, Eastern Samar Distribution of relief goods 1 17 Nov th NROTCU. NRCEN W 15 personnel Red Cross Palawan Repacking of relief goods 1

BOSDATEUNITASSETS DEPLOYED Disposition /location ActivitiesNR OF ACTIVITY PN 17 Nov th NROTCU, NRCEN W 72 personnel Red Cross, Palawan and Coron Palawan Repacking and Distribution of relief goods 1 17 Nov 13NRCEN, EM 1 Truck and 6 personnel Ormoc CityDistribution of relief goods and retrieval of Bodies 1 18 Nov 13FB Chrysan- thenum 1 VesselTacloban City Ferry of passenger bound for Cebu and Manila 1 18 Nov 13FB Brilliant Star 1 VesselTacloban City Ferry of Passenger bound for Cebu and Manila 1

BOSDATEUNITASSETS DEPLOYED Disposition/ location ActivitiesNR OF ACTIVITY PN 18 Nov 13FB Woodrose 1 VesselTacloban CityFerry of passenger 1 18 Nov 13FB Verbana 1 VesselNavotas Fish Port Pier Loading of Cargoes 1 18 Nov 13FB Monalinda 1 VesselNavotas Fish Port Loading of Cargos 1 18 Nov 13 NRCEN19 personnel CJVABRepacking of relief goods 1 18 Nov 13 NRCEN18 ROTCCJVABRepacking of relief goods 1 19 Nov 13F/B Chrysan- themum 4 VesselTacloban CityFerry of Passenger bound for Cebu and manila 1

BOSDATEUNITASSETS DEPLOYED Disposition /location ActivitiesNR OF ACTIVITY PN 19 Nov 13F/B Brilliant Star 1 VesselTacloban City Ferry of passenger bound for Cebu and manila 1 19 Nov 13F/B Woodrose 1 VesselTacloban City Ferry of Passenger bound for Cebu and manila 1 19 Nov 13FB Verbana 1 VesselNavotas Fish Port Loading of Cargos 1 18 Nov 13 F/B Monalin- da 1 VesselNavotas Fish Port Loading of Cargos 1

BOSDATEUNITASSETS DEPLOYED Disposition /location ActivitiesNR OF ACTIVITY AFPRESCOM 18 Nov 13 AFRESCOM12 personnel GHQ Grandstand, CGEA Q.C Repacking of Relief Goods 1 OVERALL ASSETES DEPLOYED 351 Personnel, 5 vessel and 1 truck 23 activities

ASSESSMENT ON RESERVIST UTILIZATION 26  Reservist units were not mobilized despite the pronouncement of the President that the country is under “state of calamity” (RA 7077), they were not even called upon by SND, DND for HADR duties ( Sec 7, Republic Act No )  OJ9 has plans and programs on the AFP Reserve Force DRRM and concept on the utilization of reservist on HADR but did not materialized.

ASSESSMENT ON RESERVIST UTILIZATION 27  RA 7077 is very restrictive in the utilization of reservist particularly on HADR  Reservists’ primary role is for territorial defense, role on HADR is only secondary (as force multiplier)  Since most reservist units were not given a task for HADR duties in Typhoon “Yolanda”, their deployment in the affected areas are only voluntary and initiative of their commanders.

RECOMMENDATIONS Amendment of RA 7077 particularly on the utilization of reservist on HADR activities. 2. Reservist units should be included during interagency-joint task force deployment and exercises in order to increase their education in these capabilities with responsive joint capability that can operate in both ideal and non-ideal environment and situations 3. Unified Commands should include in their HADR Task Organization all Reservist Units within their AOR.

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