Unit 3 Structures. The Infinitive The to-infinitive can be used alone or as part of an infinitive phrase and the to-infinitive can serve as the subject,

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 3 Structures

The Infinitive

The to-infinitive can be used alone or as part of an infinitive phrase and the to-infinitive can serve as the subject, object, object complement, attribute, predicative or adverbial of a sentence.

1. the to-infinitive used as the subject ( 不定式作主语 ) To obey law is everyone's duty. To know oneself is difficult. To talk with your mouth full is rude.

It is impossible to finish the work in such a short time. It is useful for you to learn some spoken English.

2. the to-infinitive used as the object ( 不定式作宾语 ) He managed to solve the problem by himself. I like to read newspaper articles about sports. Amy wants to know more about the film.

3. the to-infinitive used as the object complement ( 不定式作宾语补足语 ) I'd like you to keep everything tidy. The teacher asked us to finish the work today. Tell Jack to close the window, please.

注意：在主动句中，动词 make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice 和 observe 后的宾语补足语，可省去 "to" 。 They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day.

4. the to-infinitive used as the predicative （不定式作表语） My wish is to be a doctor. Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. What I need most now is to have a good rest.

5. the to-infinitive used as the attribute ( 不定式作定语 ) I have a lot of work to do. I have no one to talk to. He is looking for a house to live in.

6. the to-infinitive used as adverbial of a sentence to show reason, purpose or result ( 不定式作句子的原因、目的和结果状语 ) He came here to attend an important meeting. (purpose) Sam was very surprised to hear the news. (reason) He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. (result)

7. the continuous and perfect forms of the to-infinitive ( 不定式的进行式和完成式 ) She seemed to have heard of it already. When the teacher came in, the students pretended to be reading loudly.

不定式的复合结构 1. 疑问词 + 不定式的复合结构 (1) When to start has not been decided yet. (2) The problem is how to persuade him to change his mind. (3) We must learn what to do in face of difficulties. (4) I wonder if you could tell me how to get to the station. 主语表语宾语宾语补足语

2. 带有逻辑主语的结构 (1) It’s kind of you to lend me such a beautiful necklace. (2) It’s important for us to master a foreign language. (3) The first thing for us to do is to clean the room. 主语定语

Practice 1. She pretended _______ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen A

I usually go there by train Why not _______ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going D

3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see B

4. I went to see him, ______ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found C

5. Are you going to attend the meeting ______ next Saturday? A. holding B. hold C. will be held D. to be held D

6. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented C

The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ____ society for real-life experience. (2013 上海 ) A. explore B. to explore C. exploring D. explored ____ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. (2013 湖南 ) A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay B C