Mountains cut off China from the west Isolated, China developed its own distinctive culture. GEOGRAPHIC AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES

Huang He (Yellow River) and the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) Only 10% of China could be farmed One of the greatest food-producing areas of the ancient world

Had an established bureaucracy Introduced simple irrigation and flood control systems Believed in animism and ancestor worship Used oracle bones

Overthrew Shang Dynasty about 1050 B.C. No centralized form of government granted territories Believed in the Mandate of Heaven – “God of Heaven determines who should rule”

Came to power through military might Ruled by Cheng – ‘1 st Emperor’ Word China comes from Cheng

Autocracy – emperor had total power Began a 1,500 mile long section of what is now the Great Wall of China Lasted only 15 years

Liu Bang, peasant who became general, led overthrow of Qin Dynasty Lasted 400 years

Created civil service System of exams to select most qualified person Leveling – govt price controls to balance economy Silk Road – trade route across Asia

Wu1750 B.C. Xia

Confucianism – taught importance of family, respect for one’s elders, and reverence for the past and one’s ancestors Ideas were political and ethical, not spiritual Civil service was born out of Confucianism

Daoism – people should withdraw from world & live in harmony Do not strive for material wealth & should not seek power The way to follow the Dao is inaction, not action People should act spontaneously and let nature take its course

Legalism – believed in power, not virtue and in harsh laws People are selfish and untrustworthy Social order requires a strong ruler and harsh, impersonal laws, both of which made people obedient through fear