Warm Up B A C D E Voltaire Thomas Hobbes Montesquieu Rousseau Directions: Match the Enlightenment philosopher to the best match. Warm Up B A Voltaire Thomas Hobbes Montesquieu Rousseau Mary Wollstonecraft C D E

The French Revolution

Effects of the Enlightenment Ideas on government inspire calls for Democracy American Revolution Rebellions in Latin America Growing unrest in France

French Society French society was divided into 3 classes called “Estates”: First Estate Catholic church officials &Clergy 1st 2nd Estate Nobility & aristocracy 3rd Estate Bourgeoisie – educated city lawyers, doctors, businessmen Peasants & farmers 2nd 3rd

The 1st Estate Only 1% of population Own 10% of land Pay NO taxes

The 2nd Estate 3% of population Own 20% of the land Pay NO TAXES Control government & live off collected tax money

The 3rd Estate 95% of population Almost no say in government Pay all the taxes Pay tithes to Church

King Louis XVI Huge debt from the Palace of Versailles Absolute Monarch but a weak ruler Attempts reforms but many fail due to nobility

Marie Antoinette Queen of France BIG spender “Let them eat cake”??

Marie Antoinette Consider the following pictures... What do you think the French peasants would have thought of her?

Abbé Sieyès Member of the Estates General What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been in the political order? Nothing. What does it desire to be? Something! Member of the Estates General Inspires 3rd Estate to seek power

The Estates General Type of representation Rarely meet 1 vote per Estate 3rd Estate ALWAYS outvoted

The National Assembly Locked out of the Estates General, 3rd Estate signs the Tennis Court Oath Creates a National Assembly Issue the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

The Great Fear Peasants riot throughout France Nobles homes ransacked by the 3rd Estate

The Storming of the Bastille Prison in Paris & symbol of royal authority stormed Starts the revolution – July 14, 1789

Declaration of the Rights of Man The first key measure taken by the National Assembly was the formal abolition of the old feudal system. This was followed by the creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man. A document setting out the basic principles of the new order. Equal rights, freedom of expressions, etc.

Declaration of the Rights of Man Read over the Declaration of the Rights of Man. What parts stand out to you as showing a complete change from old feudal system in France?

King in Versailles Meanwhile, Louis XVI remained inactive in Versailles and refused to accept the decrees on the reforming of the old order. In the fall of 1789 thousands of women marched to Versailles and confronted the king. The crowd insisted the king and his family return to Paris. He virtually became a prisoner in Paris.

Palace of Versailles This is a picture of the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles. Considering this picture, why do you suppose some of the people from France were angry with the King and his wife?

The Constitution of 1791 Despite its troubles the National Assembly continued its efforts to draft a new constitution. By 1791 it had completed the constitution which established a limited constitutional monarch. The power was with the Legislative Assembly in which 745 representatives would be voted in. Old distinctions between clergy, nobles and commoners disappeared. The king and his family attempted to flee but were captured and returned to Paris.

The Revolution Deepens As the Revolution pushed forward, other European nations began to respond. Why do you think other nations around Europe would be interested in the Revolution in France?

Execution of the King In 1792, the National assembly was replaced by the more radical National Convention. Confirmed the abolition of the monarchy. After long deliberation, the Convention decided to make the King stand trial for treason. Why would they make him stand trial for treason?

Execution of the King He was found guilty and sentenced to death. On January 21st, 1793 Louis XVI was executed by guillotine.

Guillotine The guillotine is introduced into France by Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotine, on the basis that is a more effective and humane means of execution than the tradition axe, which could take several blows to remove the head.

Robespierre Begins the Reign of Terror Mass executions of enemies of the Revolution Thousands sent to the guillotine

Georges Danton Leads the Committee of Public Safety Designed to suppress opposition inside & outside France Calls for the execution of King Louis

Consequences of the French Rev. Considering everything you’ve learned about the French Revolution, why do you think it is still considered such an important event, even today?

Napoleon Military ruler Takes power after a coup d'état after Revolutionary leaders go to far Restores order after the chaos of Revolution

Napoleon Issues the Napoleonic Code – eliminates the Estate System Simplifies the laws in France

Napoleon’s Empire

Napoleon’s Empire Uses the continental system to isolate England and invade Europe Invasion of Russia fails and devastates his army

The Fall of Napoleon Defeated by the British at Waterloo Placed in prison in exile

Prince Metternich Leads the Congress of Vienna Adopts a Balance of Power doctrine Restores monarchies Boundaries of Europe redrawn

Europe after the Congress of Vienna