J OURNAL #8 1. What is the shape of the Earth? 2. Earth’s magnetic field extends beyond the atmosphere and affects a region of spaced called the __________________. 3. Describe the lithosphere.

C HAPTER 2

L EARNING G OAL : Today, we will describe the Earth’s 4 spheres.

E ARTH -S YSTEM S CIENCE A group of related objects that interact to create a whole is called a system. Many systems have matter and energy that flow through them. A large and complex system, such as the Earth system, operates as a result of the combination of smaller systems.

E ARTH ’ S M ATTER Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter on Earth is in solid, liquid, and gaseous states. The Earth system is composed of 4 spheres that store all of the planet's matter. These spheres are: Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere biosphere

T HE E ARTH ’ S 4 S PHERES The Atmosphere- a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet The Earth’s atmosphere provides the air that you breathe and shields the Earth from the sun’s harmful radiation The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of 78% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen (the remaining 1% includes other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor and helium

T HE E ARTH ’ S 4 S PHERES The Hydrosphere- the portion of the Earth that is water Water covers 71% of the Earth’s surface 97% is contained in the ocean (salty) 3% is fresh water that can be found in lakes, rivers, frozen glaciers and in the ground

T HE E ARTH ’ S 4 S PHERES The Geosphere- mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth. It extends from the center of the core to the surface of the earth Includes all the rock and soil on the surface of continents and ocean floor Volcanism brings matter from deep inside the interior to the surface.

T HE E ARTH ’ S 4 S PHERES The Biosphere- The part of the Earth where life exists; includes all the living organisms on earth Contains any organic matter that has not decomposed.

G ROUP A SSIGNMENT Take a bag containing: Each of the 4 spheres Various objects With your group, place each card in the matching sphere Once you have finished, show Mrs. Dawson

V OCABULARY S QUARES Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

Target WordDefinition in your own words ExamplePicture V OCABULARY S QUARE