Evolution of Internetworking

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Presentation transcript:

Evolution of Internetworking ICND Copyright © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Data Communication Example E-mail message Data Data

Data Communication Example E-mail message Data Data Segment Header Data Segment

Data Communication Example E-mail message Data Data Segment Header Data Segment Network Header Segment Header Data Packet

Data Communication Example E-mail message Data Data Segment Header Data Segment Network Header Segment Header Data Packet Frame (medium dependent) Frame Header Network Header Segment Header Frame Trailer Data

Data Communication Example E-mail message Data Data Segment Header Data Segment Network Header Segment Header Data Packet Frame (medium dependent) Frame Header Network Header Segment Header Frame Trailer Data Bits 0111111010101100010101101010110001

Copyright © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.. The Layered Model ICND Copyright © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc..

Peer-to-Peer Communications Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical HOST A HOST B

Peer-to-Peer Communications HOST A HOST B Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

Peer-to-Peer Communications HOST A HOST B Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical segments packets frames bits

Data Encapsulation Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

Data Encapsulation Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Header Data Presentation Header Data Session Header Data

Data Encapsulation Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Header Data Presentation Header Data Session Header Data Transport Header Data

Data Encapsulation Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Header Data Presentation Header Data Session Header Data Transport Header Data Network Header Data

Data Encapsulation Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Header Data Presentation Header Data Session Header Data Transport Header Data Network Header Data Frame Header Data

Data Encapsulation 0101101010110001 Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Application Header Data Presentation Header Data Session Header Data Transport Header Data Network Header Data Frame Header Data 0101101010110001

Application, Presentation, and Session Layers ICRC_revision_11.3 Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Computer Applications Application Layer Computer Applications Word Processing Presentation Graphics Spreadsheet Database Design/Manufacturing Project Planning Others Selects network application to support user’s application

Computer Applications Application Layer Computer Applications Word Processing Presentation Graphics Spreadsheet Database Design/Manufacturing Project Planning Others Network Applications Electronic Mail File Transfer Client/Server Process Network Management Others Selects network application to support user’s application

Presentation Layer • Text • Data ASCII EBCDIC Encrypted login: Computer Representation of Meaningful Information Compression Techniques Provides code formatting and conversion for applications

Presentation Layer • Graphics • Visual Images PICT TIFF JPEG GIF • Text • Data ASCII EBCDIC Encrypted login: Computer Representation of Meaningful Information Compression Techniques Provides code formatting and conversion for applications

Presentation Layer • Graphics • Visual Images PICT TIFF JPEG GIF • Text • Data ASCII EBCDIC Encrypted login: • Sound • Video MIDI MPEG QuickTime Computer Representation of Meaningful Information Compression Techniques Provides code formatting and conversion for applications

Session Layer Coordinates applications as they interact on different hosts Service Request Service Reply

Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. Transport Layer ICRC_revision_11.3 Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Transport Layer Overview Segments upper-layer applications Establishes an end-to-end connection Sends segments from one end host to another Optionally, ensures data reliability

Transport Layer Overview Segments upper-layer applications Establishes an end-to-end connection Sends segments from one end host to another Optionally, ensures data reliability

Sharing a Transport Connection Application File Transfer Electronic Mail Presentation Session Application Port Data Application Port Data Transport Multiplex communications from different applications Segments Transport segments share traffic stream

Transport to Network Layer End-to-end segments Routed packets

Physical and Data Link Layers ICRC_revision_11.3 Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Physical and Data-Link Standards (bits, signals, clocking) Data Link (frames) Separate physical and data link layers for LAN and WAN

LAN Data Link Sublayers Network Data Link Physical The Logical Link Control (LLC) manages communications between devices over a single link of a network

LAN Data Link Sublayers Media Access Control Network Data Link Physical MAC The Logical Link Control (LLC) manages communications between devices over a single link of a network MAC refers downward to lower-layer hardware functions

Physical and Logical Addressing

Physical and Logical Addressing 192.168.10.0 0000.0c12.3456

MAC Address 24 bits 24 bits Vendor Code Serial Number 0000.0c12. 3456 ROM RAM Unique for each local area interface 48-bit addresses Expressed as 12 hexadecimal digits 0000.0c12.abcd First six hexadecimal digits contain manufacturer identification (vendor code) Manufacturer IDs administered by IEEE MAC address is burned into ROM on a network interface card

Internetworking Basics

Internetworking Basics

Internetworking Basics

Internetworking Basics

Internetworking Basics

Wide-Area Networks and Devices WANs are designed to: Operate over geography of telecommunication carriers Allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds Control the network subject to regulated public services Provide full-time and part-time connectivity Connect devices separated over wide, even global, areas Router

Local-Area Networks and Devices LANs are designed to: Operate within a limited geographic area Allow multiaccess to high-bandwidth media Control the network privately under local administration Provide full-time connectivity to local services Connect physically adjacent devices ATM Switch Bridge Hub Ethernet Switch Router

LAN Technology Overview Ethernet Token Ring FDDI FDDI Dual Ring

ETHERNET CABLE Ethernet was developed by Robert Metcalfe in 1980. The standard IEEE802.3 specifies the Ethernet protocol. There are several versions of Ethernet. Category 5 cabling is currently the most prevalent wiring in existing buildings. Latest versions are Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) and Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps), and 10 Gigabit Ethernet is coming.

ETHERNET CABLE T-568A Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

ETHERNET CABLE T-568B Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

ETHERNET CABLE RJ-45 Crossover Ethernet Cable

ETHERNET CABLE

Crossover cable use

‘Straight Through' cable use

ETHERNET CABLE

Ethernet Cable Tips A straight-thru cable has identical ends. A crossover cable has different ends. A crossover is used to connect two Ethernet devices without a hub or for connecting two hubs. A crossover has one end with the Orange set of wires switched with the Green set. Odd numbered pins are always striped, even numbered pins are always solid colored. Looking at the RJ-45 with the clip facing away from you, Brown is always on the right, and pin 1 is on the left. No more than 1/2" of the Ethernet cable should be untwisted otherwise it will be susceptible to crosstalk. Maximum Cable length for including connectors is 100 meters (or about 328 feet).

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