1 Chapter 11 The Islamic World (A.D. 570–A.D. 1250)

2 Sufi Muslims who believe in living a simple life.

3 astrolabe Instrument used to calculate latitude by looking at the stars.

4 minaret Tower on the outside of a mosque where a crier would call Muslims to worship.

5 jihad Muslim “holy” war or, defending the Muslim faith

6 Shi'a or Shi'ite They believe the Imam (or, descendant of Mohammad) rather than the Qu’ran is the intermediary between God and believers. Image: Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq, where Ali the first Shī‘ah Imam is buried.Imam Ali MosqueNajafIraqAli Shī‘ah Imam Approximately 10-15% of the world's Muslims are Shi'a, which corresponds to about million Shi'a Muslims worldwide

7 Janissaries Powerful, disciplined (Christian slave) bodyguards of the sultans.

8 Sunni These Muslims claim the Qu’ran is the only mediator between God and believers. Leader can be elected. - Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.largest denomination Islam

9 sultan A Turkish ruler.

10 Allah Islamic name for God.

11 Ottomans Another name for Turks.

12 Muhammad The founder and prophet of Islam.

13 caliph Successor to the prophet Muhammad.

14 imam A person who is the intermediary between Allah and believers.

15 mosque A Muslim place of worship.

16 Bedouins Arabs who lived as a nomads.

17 hegira (hijrah, hejira ) The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.

18 Berbers North African people who converted to Islam.

19 Moors Muslims of Spain. Bottom image: The Alhambra (from Arabic الْحَمْرَاء = "the red fortress") is a palace and fortress complex of the Moorish rulers of Granada in southern Spain (known as Al-Andalus when the fortress was constructed).MoorishGranadaSpain Al-Andalus

20 caliphates One of 3 divisions of the Muslim empire.

21 Sharia The body of Islamic religious law. The term means "way" or "path to the water source“. Islamicreligious law

22 The major belief of Islam “There is no god but God and, Muhammad is his prophet.”