Muslims Monotheistic, five pillars, Qur’an, Mosque, Allah, Muhammad Present day India Hammurabi’s Code Roman Twelve Tables Justinian’s Law Code Sharia Law Cultural Diffusion Bellringer One effect of Invasion is… Name two law codes we have studied thus far Where was the Mughal Empire located? What do we call people who practice Islam? What is one belief of their religion?

Yuan Dynasty Only Mongols could be in the military and have the best government jobs -Cannons -stirrup -gunpowder Genghis Khan Kublai Khan Nomadic Herders Bellringer The Mongols started as ___________ Two main leaders of the Mongols were Name one technology the Mongols adopted or developed What name did Kublai Khan give his rule over China? How did he keep the Chinese people separate from Mongols?

Trade They were steadier on their horses when shooting Archipelago, mountainous, lots of harbors, close to Asian Mainland Positive: More cultural diffusion through trade Negative: Black Death Bellringer Name one positive and one negative result of the Pax Mongolia Describe 2 features of Japan’s geography How did the Stirrup help the Mongols? Peace= __?___

Wait for it… The Mongols 0-2:38

Overview Overview The Mongols were a Nomadic group who swept out of Asia’s grasslands and built the world’s largest empire; China to Persia to Europe. Main leaders- Genghis Khan Kublai Khan Effects- Political stability created prosperity promoting trade and Cultural Diffusion Decline- Impossible to cover such a long area, poor government administration and internal revolting

Mongols The Mongols were a nomadic herding group living in the grasslands of Asia They became skilled horse riders and fierce warriors

Genghis Khan Born Temujin, he became a courageous warrior. His great deeds in war earned him the title Genghis= World Emperor Genghis organized a disciplined army, with skilled horseback riders and fierce warriors. He quickly swept out of Asia and conquered areas from Central Asia to the Middle East and Eastern Europe 2:38-4:43

Mongol Military The Mongol army adopted many military techniques and supplies from other areas. Examples include: -Gunpowder from China was used to create cannons -Cannon designs were borrowed from the Turks (Muslims) -Horse riders used stirrups to support their weight when riding

Golden Horde: Russia While Genghis conquered Eastern Europe, his grandson Batu, took over Russia. Batu and his troops were known as the Golden Horde, because of the color of their tents. The Golden Horde united a fragmented (broken up) region, and maintained control for over 240 years.

Middle East Another of Genghis’ grandsons, Tamerlane, took over Persia, Mesopotamia, parts of Russia and India. Tamerlane’s descendants founded the Mughal dynasty (Islamic Empire) Akbar the Great is a descendant of Tamerlane Khan

China Another grandson, Kublai Khan, conquered China, Korea, Vietnam, and Tibet. To assimilate (fit in), Kublai Khan called his rule the Yuan Dynasty. Though Kublai appreciated and respected Chinese culture, he did not want the Mongols to join their society. He only allowed Mongols to serve in the military and the best government jobs were reserved for Mongols.

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Descendants, descendants, descendants… 4:43-5:30

Japan: Failed Attempt The Mongols tried to conquer Japan, however, they failed due to a large Typhoon. The Typhoon ruined their boats and was seen as a sign from god that they were to leave Japan alone. What do you notice about Japan?

Japan Japan is an island nation- Archipelago Most of Japan is made of mountains, making it difficult to farm Japan is considered to be a part of the Asian continent despite being separated from the main land

Mongol Impact The empire reached its greatest extent around 1300 and included Russia, China, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and India The Mongols conquered with brutality, but ruled with tolerance. Subjects were allowed to live as before, as long as they paid the required tribute

Russia The Mongols united the many Russian kingdoms into one government with an Absolute Ruler The Mongol Absolute government had no interference from nobles or the Church (Orthodox Church) Mongolian Russia was cut off from most of Europe, meaning as Europe develops, Russia will be left behind. Russia remains backwards as Europe becomes strong.

Pax Mongolia Pax= Peace Mongolia= Mongolian The Mongols controlled a vast unified empire. As a result there was political stability and relative safety. Under such conditions trade quickly grew. The Silk Road passed through the region conquered by the Mongols, and trade flowed in all directions under Mongol control.

Safe Travels… Marco PoloIbn Battuta -European -Travelled to Kublai Khan’s Court and wrote of its Beauty and riches (China) -Travelled to Morocco (Africa), Persia, India, China and back to Spain. -orated detailed writings on all the places he visited and their lifestyles. The Pax Mongolia led to safer trade and safer travels. Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are two travelers who left detailed descriptions of their travels. Both travellers are studied by modern historians

Marco Polo 1:28 3:05

Ibn Battuta 6:10

Downside to Pax Mongolia Many historians realize the increased trade caused by the Pax Mongolia allowed the transfer of many diseases, including the Black Death

Mongol Decline The Mongol empire, though vast (large) did not last long. The main reasons for its decline are: -too large an area to rule (like Rome) -poor government leadership -internal revolts caused by resentment -Death of strong leaders like Genghis and Kublai

Review When Russia was under Mongol domination, the effect on Russia was to 1)End feudalism 2)Convert the Russian people to Hinduism 3)Keep Russia isolated from Western Europe 4)Reunite the Orthodox Church with the Roman Catholic Church

Review The Pax Mongolia resulted in 1) trade increasing between Europe and Asia 2) China becoming Isolated 3) War with Japan and Vietnam 4) Europeans conquering the Americas

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1a) based on these documents, what advantage did the stirrup give to Mongol Warriors? 1b) Based on these documents, what did the combined technology of the composite bow and the stirrup enable the Mongols to do?