The Partition of Africa Ch.9.2

QUICK WRITE Describe (in detail) what you see in the cartoon? What is the cartoonist trying to communicate or say? What title would you give this cartoon?

Africa in the Early 1800s North Africa North Africa Includes Sahara, Fertile land along the Mediterranean Sea.Includes Sahara, Fertile land along the Mediterranean Sea. Native people spoke hundreds of languages & had many different forms of government Native people spoke hundreds of languages & had many different forms of government Region was apart of the Muslim world & much remained under control of the Ottoman Empire Region was apart of the Muslim world & much remained under control of the Ottoman Empire West Africa West Africa Islamic Crusades in Early 1800’s, Muslim revival spread Islamic Crusades in Early 1800’s, Muslim revival spread

Africa in the Early 1800s East Africa East Africa Muslim influencedMuslim influenced Port cities participated in profitable slave trade.Port cities participated in profitable slave trade. Rich in Ivory and copperRich in Ivory and copper South Africa South Africa Zulus (under the brilliant leadership of Shaka) had expanded their controlZulus (under the brilliant leadership of Shaka) had expanded their control They in turn came to be dominated by the technology of the Boers (Dutch Settlers).They in turn came to be dominated by the technology of the Boers (Dutch Settlers).

Africa in the Early 1800s Explorer's Advance into Africa’s interior Explorer's Advance into Africa’s interior Difficulties (early stages of Imperialism)Difficulties (early stages of Imperialism) African resistance, difficult terrain, & diseases kept Europeans from majority the interior regions of the continentAfrican resistance, difficult terrain, & diseases kept Europeans from majority the interior regions of the continent Europeans were fascinated by Africa’s geographyEuropeans were fascinated by Africa’s geography Missionaries Follow Explorers Missionaries Follow Explorers Sought to win people to ChristianitySought to win people to Christianity Built schools, medical clinics along side churchesBuilt schools, medical clinics along side churches Focused on the evils of slave tradeFocused on the evils of slave trade Still had a paternalistic view of Africans (saw them in need of guidance)Still had a paternalistic view of Africans (saw them in need of guidance)

A Scramble for Colonies Berlin Conference Berlin Conference King Leopold II (Belgian)King Leopold II (Belgian) arranged trade treaties with African leaders & monopolized the Congo.arranged trade treaties with African leaders & monopolized the Congo. Started other European nations to scramble for coloniesStarted other European nations to scramble for colonies An agreement about the process of colonizing Africa was reached at the Berlin Conference in 1884.An agreement about the process of colonizing Africa was reached at the Berlin Conference in No Africans were invited to the conference. No Africans were invited to the conference. Horrors in the Congo Horrors in the Congo Leopold and wealthy Belgians exploit the riches of the CongoLeopold and wealthy Belgians exploit the riches of the Congo Rubber, copper, & ivory Rubber, copper, & ivory Villagers were abused and worked to next to nothing Villagers were abused and worked to next to nothing 1908 Congo is brought under the direct control of Belgian govt Congo is brought under the direct control of Belgian govt.

Africans Resist Imperialism Ethiopia Survives Ethiopia Survives The colonizers often met with armed resistanceThe colonizers often met with armed resistance Ethiopia managed to resist European colonization altogetherEthiopia managed to resist European colonization altogether King Menelik II modernized Ethiopia King Menelik II modernized Ethiopia building roads, bridges, est. Western schools, imported latest weapons etc. building roads, bridges, est. Western schools, imported latest weapons etc. Some Western-educated Africans developed an elite status,Some Western-educated Africans developed an elite status, Others formed nationalist movements to pursue independenceOthers formed nationalist movements to pursue independence