Main Causes of World War I (Ch. 13, Sec. 1) Part 1 1. 40 Years of Peace in Europe 2. Long Term Causes of WWI 3. Alliance System Led to a World War
How did Europe achieve a 40 year period of relative peace? At the turn of the 20th century, Europe had been at peace since 1870 (Franco-Prussian War) Hundreds of peace organizations promoted an end to war & permanent peace in Europe Countries regularly met in peace congresses between 1843 and 1907 to promote peace Many Europeans believed that technological progress & world cooperation had made war unnecessary
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What were the Long Term causes of WWI? Nationalism (deep devotion to one’s own nation) fueled imperialism & led to militarism Militarism led to an arms race (Germany-naval) & the buildup of large armies in the 1890’s Imperialism led to competition for new markets, raw materials, colonies, & European territory Germany battled France for control of N. Africa / Russia & Austria-Hungary fought for influence over the Balkans
How did the alliance system contribute to WWI? In 1907, defensive alliances set stage for WWI / Europe divided into two camps Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, , Ottoman Empire & Bulgaria The Allies were France, Britain, & Russia, later Italy, Japan, and United States joined By 1914, tensions were mounting in Europe as Balkan Peninsula (“powder keg” of Europe) began to heat up
Main Causes of World War I (Ch. 13, Sec. 1) Part 2 1. The Powder Keg of Europe 2. Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated in Bosnia 3. Austria-Hungary Declared War on Serbia
Why was the Balkan region known as “The Powder Keg” of Europe? Balkan Peninsula had seen more than 400 years of constant ethnic & political conflict Following the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, Serbia doubled the size of its territory Russia, a mainly Slavic country, supported Serbian (also mostly Slavic) expansion in the Balkans Austria-Hungary wanted to control the Balkans & were upset when Serbia doubled its size
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What happened in Bosnia that stirred the winds of war? Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife Sophie were riding in a parade in Sarajevo, Bosnia Archduke Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne Ferdinand & his wife were both assassinated at point blank range by Gavrilo Princip Princip, a Serbian nationalist, was a member of the Black Hand (a secret society against Austrian rule of Bosnia)
How did the assassination lead to a world war? Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia after Serbia could not meet their demands Russia began to mobilize its army along the borders of Austria-Hungary & Germany to aid Serbia Germany (an ally of Austria-Hungary) declared war on Russia & France (Russia’s ally) Germany invaded France through Belgium, and Britain declared war on Germany & Austria-Hungary