Weathering of Rocks and Erosion and Deposition of Sediment

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Presentation transcript:

Weathering of Rocks and Erosion and Deposition of Sediment

Rock Cycle

Weathering Mechanical Chemical Breakdown of rock Frost and root wedging Abrasion – the sediment does the work Water - Ice - Wind – Chemical Water & Oxygen react with minerals Depends on rock type, temperature, water

Mechanical Weathering Frost Wedging Abrasion: wind, water and ice carry sediment that wears down the materials encountered.

Mechanical Weathering: Exfoliation Expansion makes cracks parallel to surface Contraction makes cracks perpendicular to surface

Mechanical Weathering: Rivers Water carries sediment in streams and rivers. The sediment abrades the channel bottoms and sides.

Mechanical Weathering: Waves Wave-cut Platforms Coves and Headlands Water and sediment batter the land sticking out into the ocean and wear it away. Weaker rock is eroded more readily. Sediment is deposited in coves Wave Arches and Stacks

Mechanical Weathering: ICE U-Shaped Valley left by a mountain glacier Water freezes in fractures Rocks are embedded in the moving glacier Moving rock and ice abrade underlying material. Evidence of glacial scour

Mechanical Weathering: Wind High winds lift particles up to 1 mm Larger particles bounce along surface Moving particles abrade rocks into ventifacts, yardangs, arches, and hoodoos

Chemical Weathering Oxygen, water, and acids react with minerals to weaken or dissolve them Dissolution CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 (acid) H2CO3 + CaCO3  Ca(HCO3)2 Oxidation 4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3 Hydrolysis Mg2SiO4 + 2H2O  2Mg(OH)2 + H4SiO4 Biological activity – plants, fungi, and bacteria release acids

Chemical Weathering Rates increase with increased and… Temperature Moisture Acidity and… decreased silica

Erosion and Transport Erosion = removal of material from a place Transportation = the movement of eroded material Transport by water and wind rounds and sorts the particles by size Movement by ice and gravity does NOT sort

Erosion and Transport by Rivers

Erosion and Transport by Waves & Ocean Currents

Erosion and Transport by Wind

Erosion and Transport by Gravity Mass Movements Mudflows Landslides Creep Rock Fall

Depositional Environments