Cells

Prokaryotic Cells: Primitive cells No internal membranes/ No formed nucleus Have DNA, RNA, Ribosomes much like more advanced cells. Cell membrane in place but composition may vary from more advanced cells. Eukaryotic Cells: More advanced cells Have internal membranes and a formed nucleus. Divisions: Bacteria and Archaea Kingdom: Monera Division: Eukarya All other Kingdoms

Eukaryotic Cells Cell Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems Cell Theory Developed by Schleiden and Schwann in the 1800’s 1.All living things are made of cells 2.Cells carry on their own life functions 3.New cells come from old cells Gallery of CellsSingle-Celled Organisms

Cell Organelles Organelles are small structures found within the cell Each one performs a different function to help keep the cell alive We will study 8 organelles, by the end you should know their name, structure and function

Organelles of the cell

Cell Membrane Also called : Plasma Membrane and Lipid Bilayer It is composed of Lipids, Proteins and Carbohydrates It is Semi-permeable meaning it can control what passes through it 1 It is a waterproof barrier that protects the cell’s organelles

Cell Membrane: Just Passing Through

2 Nucleus Storage site for Genetic material - DNA DNA controls all the activity of the cell Surrounded by a double membrane call the Nuclear Envelope

Endoplasmic Reticulum Allows easy movement inside the cell through a series of canals Two types: Rough and Smooth 3 Rough – Synthesis of proteins that will be exported from the cell. Smooth – Synthesis of lipids

Ribosome : Site of Protein Synthesis 4 Teachers' Domain: From DNA to Protein

Golgi Bodies For the packaging and storage of cell secretions or products Usually found near or connected to the E.R. 5

Mitochondria The powerhouse of the cell, produces energy in a form called ATP for the cell to use Has it’s own DNA Much like a friendly bacteria that lives inside the cell - This is call endosymbiotic 6

Mitoman Structure and Function of Cells: Mitochondria

Lysosome Food service Department or the little stomachs of a cell Breakdowns food particles the cell has eaten White Blood cells have a lot of Lysosome to help the clean up the cell and get rid of Bacteria Also called “Suicide Sacs” - kills off old tired cells by releasing digestive enzymes into the cytoplasm Involved in fetal develop by getting rid of unneeded tissue like the webbing between your fingers and toes 7

Centrioles Involved in cell division Composed of subunits call Microtubules Only found in Animal cells, not in Plant cells 8

Vacuole A bag that made of a bilipid membrane, it is involved in maintaining the internal environment of a cell Used for storage of food, water and waste Found in all cells but are larger in plant cells 9

Vacuoles Bilipid Membrane

In plants the vacuole helps support the plant by keeping the cell membrane in contact with the cell wall. When the CM pulls away from the CW the plant wilts and may fall over. The pressure of the cell membrane on the cell wall is call turgor

Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus of a cell Storage and synthesis of RNA and is involved in the process of cell division 10

Nucleolus Nucleus