Population Change

Unit 2 Human Geography: Population Change Unit Lessons How does population grow? What are the major factors affecting population growth? What is the demographic transition model? What countries are in the different stages of the demographic transition model? What are population pyramids? How do we use population pyramids? Why was the One Child Policy introduced and how was it enforced? How has the One Child Policy changed and has it been successful? What alternative birth control programmes exist? What are the issues and opportunities for an ageing population? How has France tackled the problems of an ageing population? What are the impacts of economic migration within the EU? What are the impacts of refugee movements into the EU? Independent study To create a report on the One Child Policy. To create an informative poster comparing the One Child Policy to Kerala’s alternative policy. To create a report on France’s pro-natal policy.

How does population grow? Learning Objectives To describe the growth in global population To know how to calculate population change by country To understand how to interpret population change calculations and compare countries Key terms: Zero growth, natural decrease, natural increase, exponential growth, birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, J shaped curve, S shaped curve

Why study population change? Can you come up with 5 reasons why we should all study population change?

Describing Global Population Growth Year Population (Billions) 1600 0.56 1650 0.50 1700 0.64 1750 0.79 1800 0.98 1850 1.26 1900 1.65 1950 2.52 2000 6.06 2050 8.91 2100 9.46 Between 1600 and 2010 the world population grew exponentially (increasingly rapid, year on year growth). This is shown by the J shaped line graph. Today growth rates are slowing down. Between 2050 and 2100 growth is expected to slow and level off. The line graph will become an S shape. TASK Stick in your copy of the line graph, and add these annotations.

Birth Rate Birth rate: tells us how many babies are born every year. It is written as a fraction out of 1000. The world’s birth rate is 19/1000. Or 19 babies born per 1000 people in the world per year. This works out at 4.2 babies a second! In the past poor sanitation, health care and nutrition caused many babies to die. This led to a high birth rate around the world.

Birth Rate What lowers birth rate? Education and the gaining of skills Access to family planning and contraception What lowers birth rate? Economic security (the average child costs £50,000 to bring up) Full time jobs and pursuit of a career

Death Rate Death rate: tells us how many people die every year. It is written as a fraction out of 1000. The world’s death rate is 8/1000. Or 8 deaths per 1000 people in the world per year. This works out at 1.8 deaths every second!

Death Rate What lowers death rate? Access to clean water Improved living conditions What lowers death rate? Agricultural production and secure food supply Access to health care and medicine

Natural Increase Natural change is the difference between birth and death rate. If birth rate is higher than death rate, then there will be natural increase. If death rate is higher than birth rate then there will be natural decrease.

Natural Increase Natural change is the difference between birth and death rate. If birth rate is higher than death rate, then there will be natural increase. If death rate is higher than birth rate then there will be natural decrease. Birth rate is the water entering the glass. Death rate is the water exiting the glass If more water enters than leaves, the glass fills up – this is natural increase!

Calculating population change Natural change is the difference between birth and death rate. To calculate it is fairly straight forward. Natural change calculations UK Czech Republic BR = 10.7 per 1000 per year BR = 9.0 per 1000 per year DR = 10.1 per 1000 per year DR = 10.6 per 1000 per year NC = BR – DR NC = BR - DR = 10.7 – 10.1 = 9.0 – 10.6 = 0.6 = -1.6 = 0.6 ÷ 1000 x 100 = -1.6 6 ÷ 1000 x 100 NI = 0.06% ND = -0.16% Key: BR birth rate, DR death rate, NC natural change, NI natural increase, ND natural decrease

What does birth rate, death rate and natural change tell us? Birth rates, death rates and natural increase or decrease tells us how developed a country is and what stage of development that country is in. People often assume that DR in countries at lesser stages of development must be high because people are poor and have low life expectancy – but this is not true. In fact DR is often higher in countries that are at further stages of development because their populations are older. Birth rate is a much better indicator of development. Parents in wealthier parts of the world have far fewer children on average, than those in less wealthy parts. BR will be lower in more developed, richer countries.