Content Standard (5) Identify major differences between plants and animals, including internal structures, external structures, methods of locomotion, reproduction, and stages of development.

Eligible Content Identify animals as independent and plants as nonmobile Identify differences in internal cellular structures like chloroplasts and cell walls. Identify differences in external structures Identify differences in methods of locomotion Identify differences in sexual and asexual methods of reproduction Identify differences in stages of development

Differences in internal structures between plant and animals PLANTS HAVE ANIMALS do NOT have. Plants - CHLOROPLAST Plants - Large CENTRAL VACULOE Plants - CELL WALLS

Plant Cell - CHLOROPLASTS Photosynthesis (makes food) Why they are called PRODUCERS or AUTOTROPHS Contains Chlorophyll Energy processing organelle Uses the sun’s light energy to make the sugar GLUCOSE (food).

Plants - Central Vacuole Can make up from 30% to 80% of the cell’s volume Aside from storage, the main role of the central vacuole is to maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall. large central vacuole serves both as a store of food and as a key factor in storing water and in maintaining turgor. Loses pressure – plant wilts The fluid in the vacuole is what maintains the cell’s firmness.

Plants – CELL WALL The presence of a cell wall is one of the two major characteristics that distinguishes plant cells from animal cells. One of the distinctive features of a plant cell is a wall that surrounds the plasma membrane. Tough rigid outer covering that gives the plant protection and its structural support. Cell walls – also found around fungi, bacteria and some protists. NOT IN ANIMALS

Animals Cells Can NOT MAKE their own food Have – Centrioles (FOR MITOSIS) Have- Lysosomes Can NOT MAKE their own food Must eat (consume) other organisms Animals are therefore called- HETEROTROPHS or CONSUMERS

plant and animal cells have a few differences. plant cell organelles include a cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane, making the cells in plants more sturdy. chloroplasts which capture sunlight for photosynthesis large central vacuole for water storage. Animal cells contain organelles have centrioles, responsible for animal cell division, which are not found in plant cells. Moreover, animal cells also possess lysosomes that perform the same role as the vacuole in the plant cell.

Locomotion Plants – considered nonmobile Animals – considered highly mobile

Methods of Reproduction ASEXUAL – requires only one parent (fragmentation or regeneration / budding) SEXUAL – requires two parents (fertilization of an egg and sperm) MOST reproduce sexually ALL VERTEBRATES – sexual reproduction Most plants have both male and female structures. (most animals do NOT)