Simon Bolivar Miguel Hidalgo Francois Dominique Toussaint-L’Ouverture The Liberators Simon Bolivar Miguel Hidalgo Francois Dominique Toussaint-L’Ouverture

SIMON BOLIVAR 1783 - 1830 Simón freed S. America Was one of South America's greatest generals.  Defeated Spaniards/ leaders won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.  He is called El Libertador (The Liberator) and the "George Washington of South America."

SIMON BOLIVAR Born in Caracas Venezuela, orphaned at a very young age but inherited a fortune from his parents and traveled to Europe for his education. In 1810 he joined a group of patriots and liberated Venezuela from Spain. He went to Great Britain in search of aid and upon his return he had to attempt to liberate Venezuela again in 1813.

SIMON BOLIVAR The Spaniards forced him to retreat from Venezuela to New Granada (now Colombia), also at war with Spain. He took command of a Colombian force and captured Bogotá in 1814.  The patriots, however, lacked men and supplies, and new defeats led Bolivar to flee to Jamaica.

SIMON BOLIVAR In Haiti he gathered a force that landed in Venezuela in 1816 He then returned to Angostura and led the congress that organized the original republic of Colombia (now Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela).  Bolivar became its first president on December 17, 1819.

SIMON BOLIVAR Bolivar crushed the Spanish army at Carabobo in Venezuela on June 24, 1821.  Next, he marched into Ecuador and added that territory to the new Colombian Republic.

SIMON BOLIVAR Upper Peru became a separate state, named Bolivia in Bolivar's honor, in 1825.  The constitution, which he drew up for Bolivia, is one of his most important political pronouncements. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela

SIMON BOLIVAR Bolívar proclaimed himself Dictator on August 27, 1828 An assassination attempt on September 25, 1828 failed, in part thanks to the help of his mistress, Manuela Saenz.

SIMON BOLIVAR Bolívar finally resigned his presidency on April 27, 1830, and planned to sail to France. He died before setting sail, after a painful battle with tuberculosis on December 17, 1830,

SIMON BOLIVAR

MIGUEL HIDALGO 1753 - 1811 Fought for Mexico’s independence with Mestizos priest in 1778 when he was 25 years old promoted economic activities for the poor people in his area such as establishing industries like brickmaking, potting, and leather production. resented/ hated the mistreatment by the Spanish-born population in Mexico

MIGUEL HIDALGO He was born in Penjamo City, Mexico. Hidalgo became part of a group in Queretaro which eventually conspired with him to separate Mexico from Spain.

MIGUEL HIDALGO Hidalgo decided to call the people of his parish to join in the struggle of independence in a speech that is now known as the Grito de Dolores. The Grito de Dolores ("Cry of pain") was the battle cry of the Mexican War of Independence, uttered on September 16, 1810 by Hidalgo.

MIGUEL HIDALGO On 24 December 1810 Hidalgo was excommunicated by the church. He was betrayed and captured at Acatitlan de Bajan, Chihuahua on 21 March 1810.

MIGUEL HIDALGO Hidalgo was executed by firing squad on 1 Aug 1811. Today, Hidalgo is hailed as the ‘‘Father of the Nation’’

Francois Dominique Toussaint- L’Ouverture 1743 - 1803 Helped FREE Haiti "the awakening of all saints" Born a slave, received education from his Master Freed in 1776 at the age of 33 when he married.

Toussaint-L’Ouverture 1789 French Revolution influenced the start of the Revolution in Haiti. In 1790, Vincent Oge led the first rebelion for freedom, but was not successful. Oge was captured and excecuted.

Toussaint-L’Ouverture L’Ouverture helped his former Master and family escape, and also got his own family to safety. He then joined the rebels and eventually became the leader. L’Ouverture trained over 4000 rebels and in 1797 after a long struggle for independence Toussaint led enslaved Africans to victory over Europeans, abolished slavery, and secured native control over the colony.

Toussaint-L’Ouverture Between the years 1800 and 1802, Toussaint Louverture tried to rebuild the collapsed economy of Haiti and reestablish commercial contacts with the United States and Great Britain. In command of the entire island, Toussaint Louverture dictated a constitution that made him governor-general for life with near absolute powers. Catholicism was made the state religion.

Toussaint-L’Ouverture Toussaint Louverture professed himself a Frenchman and strove to convince Bonaparte of his loyalty. Napoleon Bonaparte confirmed Toussaint Louverture’s position but considered him an obstacle to the restoration of Saint-Domingue as a profitable colony.

Toussaint-L’Ouverture Denying that he was trying to reinstate slavery, Napoleon sent his brother-in-law General Charles Leclerc with thousands of troups and numerous warships to regain French control of the island in 1802. Leclerc landed on the island on January 20 and moved against Toussaint Louverture.

Toussaint-L’Ouverture On May 7, 1802, Toussaint Louverture signed a treaty with the French in Cap Haitien, with the condition that there would be no return to slavery.

Toussaint-L’Ouverture Leclerc captured L’Ouverture his wife and three sons and sent the to France where they were held prisoners.

Toussaint-L’Ouverture L’Ouverture was held at Fort de Joux and died of Pneumonia in April 1803.

Similarities Wanted freedom! Fought for independence/ led armies & wars Captured and killed before goal was achieved Common enemy- Europeans