Chapter 19

 One of the most troubling issues was AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)  Ways to contract the disease  Transfer of bodily fluids  Sharing needles  unsafe sex  Blood transfusions

 Why was Earvin Johnson (Magic Johnson) important to AIDS?  Famous NBA basketball player contracted HIV and became the face of Aids awareness

 Had been legal since 1973  Pro-Life movement grew throughout the 1980s

 Reagan Administration launched a war on drugs  Supported moves to prosecute users as well as dealers  “Just Say No” campaign – Nancy Reagan

 Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)  Founded to stop underage drinking and driving

 American students lagged behind students of industrialized nations  23 million could not fill out a job application  What were some of the proposed solutions?  More homework, longer school days and longer school year

 Crisis in education closely connected to crisis in the cities  1970s the US became increasingly suburbanized  More families responded to lure of the suburbs  Poor people and racial minorities left in the cities  Divided into wealth and poor neighborhoods

 Police raided nightclub because of sexual orientation  Led to an uprising of gays and lesbians  Gay Liberation Front organized  What was the name of the riot?  1969 Stonewall Riot

 March 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became the secretary of the Communist party in the Soviet Union  Ushered in new era in the USSR

 He allowed open criticism of the government and reforms  Glasnost= openness in discussing social problems  Perestroika= Restructuring of Russian Economy

 As Reagan built up US military  Gorbachev knew the USSR could not keep up  Offered to reduce the Soviet military  INF treaty 1987 began the reduction of weapon systems

 Gorbachev introduced democratic ideals and the Soviet military became less feared  Many Soviet republics declared their independence  Gorbachev resigned as Soviet president Boris Yeltsin took over  When did Yeltsin and Busch declare the Cold War was over?  February 1992

 Impoverished Soviet Union could not support unpopular regimes in Eastern European satellite nations  November 9, 1989 East Germany opened the Berlin Wall  Allowed free passage for the first time in 28 years

 Which Soviet satellite, when freed, had a lot of ethnic problems?  Yugoslavia

 Early 1980s reform began in China  Communist government loosened grip on business  Eliminated some price controls

 In April 1989, university students hold pro-democracy marches in Beijing's Tiananmen Square  How did the government react to this?  The Chinese government ordered the military to crush the protestors

 US opposed socialists government in these regions  Nicaragua  Between there was a civil war  US supported Somaza government and the Sandinistas (communist backed) won  Reagan supported the Contras to overthrow the Sandinista government

 Reagan sent 2000 US troops to overthrow pro-Cuban government  Also protect US students on the island (big success)

 1989 President Bush sent 20,000 soldiers and marines to overthrow and arrest General Manuel Noriega  Why?  Noreiga was helping drug smugglers get illegal drugs into the US

 The Iran-Contra Scandal  1983 terrorists groups loyal to Iran took a number of US hostages in Lebanon  Reagan said he would never deal with terrorists  What were the three parts of the scandal?  Weapon sales to Iran  Iran get US hostages freed  Money from sale to the Contras

 Summer of 1987 special committee of both houses of Congress conducts an inquiry  Colonel Oliver North (member of national Security Council) give testimony, but not against Reagan

 August 2, 1990 Iraqi troops invade Kuwait and threaten Saudi Arabia  With support of Congress President Bush launched Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait  There was a six week air war followed by a 100 hour ground war

 Despite great achievements inn the Persian Gulf, Bush not successful on home front  Billionaire from Texas ran as an independent, stressed need to end deficit spending  H. Ross Perot

 What two chances hurt his chances for reelection?  Economic Recession  Broken promise of not raising taxes

 Bill Clinton wins the election with 43% of the vote and Democrats keep control of Congress  Bush 37%, Ross Perot 19%, most since 1912  First president born after World War II  First person of the Baby Boom generation  His task to revive the economy and guide US in rapidly changing world