EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA
WHAT IS HISTORY?? Prologue, After the Fact Point of View (ATF 1)
Guiding Question 1 Why did people settle in the British North American colonies? Did people come for primarily economic concerns or for religious/idealistic motivations?
Guiding Question 2 Why and How did the British North American colonies develop into distinctively different societies and economies? Regions: (1) the Chesapeake and Lower South, (2) New England, (3) Mid-Atlantic.
American Colonies at the End of the Seventeenth Century
VIRGINIA CHESAPEAKE
Roanoke Colony,
Virginia Company, Charter, 1606
Chesapeake Bay &Jamestown &Jamestown
Jamestown Settlement (Computer Generated) Settlement of Virginia Virginia Company Jamestown John Smith John Rolfe Tobacco “starving time” House of Burgesses indentured servants headright system
Early Colonial Tobacco — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
Tobacco Prices
Life in Early Virginia, s “plantations” society economy quality of life religion? River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640
17 th Century Population in the Chesapeake
Social Unrest in the Chesapeake Bacon’s rebellion – causes Backcountry settlement and Protection Power of “eastern” elites and Taxation –significance Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia, 1676
Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion First large rebellion in colonies (political & social) Social/political conflict : “eastern” elites vs. backcountry Catalyst in transition from indentured servitude to slavery
Reasons for Slavery Decrease in indentured servants –English economy Increase in availability of slaves –end of Royal African company monopoly –Decrease in price Fears of growing number of landless freemen Available supply from Caribbean
Population of Chesapeake Colonies:
The Atlantic Slave Trade “middle passage”
Slave Trade
Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Estimated Number of Africans Imported to British North America, 1701 – 1775
Slavery Where was slavery legal? In which colonies did it exist? Africans as a Percentage of Total Population of the British Colonies, 1650–1770
The Chesapeake Colonies in the Seventeent h Century
Deep South Carolina (1682) Georgia (1738) rice indigo The West Indies and Carolina in the Seventeenth Century Indigo Rice
Early Carolina, circa 1710
The Carolinas and Georgia
Spread of Settlement: British Colonies, 1650 – 1700
NEW ENGLAND
American Colonies at the End of the Seventeenth Century
English Migration,
Plymouth Separatists “Pilgrims” Plymouth Mayflower Compact Mayflower II
Massachusetts Bay Puritans Great Migration “City upon a hill”
New England towns town meetings church Education “Old Satan Deluder” Act (1647) Harvard College (1636) merchants Land Division in Sudbury, MA:
Population of the New England Colonies
Puritan “Rebels” Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson
New England Colonies, 1650
King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1676)
MIDDLE COLONIES
Colonies in Eastern North America 1650
New Netherlan d & New Sweden
New York New Netherland (1613) – Who? Why? Patroonships >>> New York (1664) society economy
Pennsylvania William Penn Quakers society economy Indian relations Royal Land Grant to Penn
Middle Colonies, 1685
Area of English settlemen t by 1700
American Colonies at the End of the Seventeent h Century
Britain's American Empire, 1713