Energy Transfer Essential Question: How do we be?

Being Remember…. All Organisms must do these things to be classified as “alive” respond to stimuli reproduce grow and develop Maintain homeostasis Existing requires Energy "Fuel” in Work out

Being Autotrophs = Producers – Organisms which can produce their own Energy by means of photosynthesis Plants Algae other photosynthetic organisms Heterotrophs = Consumers – Organisms which must consume their energy usually at the expense of another organism Animals – Insects – Jellyfish – Mammals – Lobsters – Paul Dille Fungi Bacteria Protists

Energy Transfer Food Chain – The representation of food energy which flows from one organism to the next and to the next and so on, with some energy being lost at each level. Trophic Levels – Producers – Primary Consumers – Secondary Consumers – Tertiary Consumers Food Web – The representation of many food chains within an ecosystem

Food Chain

Food Web

Energy Transfer We start with…. – The Sun Directly gives planet most of our starting off Energy – Producers Use the Energy of the sun to – convert CO 2 into Sugar and O 2 – 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 SUNLIGHT C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 – Consumers Consume the Energy that is stored from each previous level in the chain

Energy Transfer Consumers – Primary Consumers Herbivores = Consume producers – Insects (Grasshopper – Birds (Humming bird) – Mammals (Zebra) – Secondary Consumers Omnivores = Consume other consumers and producers – Eat herbivores – Tertiary Consumers Carnivores = Eat only consumers – Eat secondary consumers and herbivores – Detritivores = Consume dead organisms (prod & cons) Very important part of the “recycling” of nutrients and energy for producers

Energy Transfer LOTS!!!! of Energy is lost as heat or uneatable stuff – Bark – Bone – Hair So we have a pyramid showing the amount of producers needed to sustain consumers

Biomass Pyramids

Energy “There is a fact, or if you wish, a law, governing all natural phenomena that are known to date. There is no known exception to this law—it is exact so far as we know. The law is called the conservation of energy. It states that there is a certain quantity, which we call energy, that does not change in manifold changes which nature undergoes. That is a most abstract idea, because it is a mathematical principle; it says that there is a numerical quantity which does not change when something happens. It is not a description of a mechanism, or anything concrete; it is just a strange fact that we can calculate some number and when we finish watching nature go through her tricks and calculate the number again, it is the same.” —Richard Feynman