Ironman & Iron Patriot Iron (Fe)

Name: Iron Symbol: Fe Atomic Number: 26 Atomic Mass: 55.845 amu Electronic confign: [Ar] 3d64s2 Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 14, 2 Description: soft / hard, gray, silvery metal Name Origin: from Latin ferrum (iron) Uses: Hb, construction, automobiles, tools etc… Obtained From: Earth’s surface (hematite)

Iron Trivia Most common element on earth by mass 6th most common element in known universe 33 isotopes but only 4 are stable Circulating liquid Fe cause earth’s magnetic field Eating Vit C rich food increases Fe absorption 2 types dietary Fe: heme iron (meat) & non-heme iron Males have about 1g of stored Fe ( 3yrs worth), women have about 300 mg ( 6 mons)

Fe containing Compounds Heme proteins: Hemoglobin Myoglobulin, Cytochrome p450 Fe containing enzymes: Catalase liopoxygenases IRE-BP Heme proteins - These compounds can transport gases, build enzymes, and be used in transferring electrons

Heamoglobin structure Contains: 2 parts – the Heme ring & the globulin structure Heme Ring - Fe metal - Protoporphyrin IX (glycine + succinly Co-A by ALA) Globulin Structure (2 & 2) - 4 tertiary protein structures Porphyrin – fr the Greek for purple Hb is utilized in the Red Bone Marrow of long bones

Fe Function O2 Transport – binds one O2 molecules to each Hb globulin chain in the lung (that’s four O2) & deposit each bound O2 into O2 -deficient cells. Haematopoiesis – necessary for RBC production

How do we test Fe levels ? Ans: Venous Blood Test - CBC Physiological ranges : - Hemoglobulin (Hgb), Hemocrit (Hct), Ferritin, TIBP, haptoglobin Hgb: men = 14-18 g/dL & women = 12 - 16 g/dL HCT: men = 45 % & women = 40 % Ferritin: men= 12- 300 ng/mL & women: 12-150 ng/mL TIBP: 250–370 μg/dL MCV: 80-96 fluid ounce/red cell in adult MCV – normocytic vs microcytic vs macrocytic , RDW – acute

Fe Related Disease Iron Deficiency Anemia CO poisoning Lead Poisoning & Sideroblastic Anemia Iron Overload Dx (Hemochromatosis) Thalassemia Polycythemia vera Fe Implicated in dementia, AD & PD

Fe Anemia Symptoms Feel short of breath Have a fast heartbeat Have cold hands and feet Crave strange substances such as dirt or clay Have brittle and spoon shaped nails or hair loss Sores at the corner of the mouth A sore tongue Severe iron deficiency can cause difficulty in swallowing Hair Loss Iron is also necessary to maintain healthy cells, skin, hair, and nails

Fe Anemia - Blood Smear Notice the cell size – microcytic Notice the  cell staining - hypochromatic

Fe Toxicity aka – Iron Overload dx or Hemochromatosis can cause: Constipation Diarrhea Vomiting Liver failure Hypotension Blackened stool

Alzheimer’s Disease Meet Carlos Alberto Henriques, age: 65

Alzheimer’s Disease Progressive neurodegenerative Dx 70-80 % cause of dementia Starts in hippocampus regions & spreads Life expectancy 3 – 9 years Etiology: Tau & -amyloid theory Myelin model Fe-storage Protein (Ferritin) theory Myelin model - http://magazine.uclahealth.org/body.cfm?id=6&action=detail&ref=697

Alzheimer’s Disease In August 2013 - the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, stated that raising Fe content in the hippocampus associated with  tissue damage in the hippocampus area in people with Alzheimer's disease Raising Fe content associated with early AD onset More information: "Ferritin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid predict Alzheimer's disease outcomes and are regulated by APOE" Nature Communications 6, Article number: 6760 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7760

MRI - http://www. magnetics. uwa. edu

Sulanezumab The first-ever medicine that slows the advance of Alzheimer’s. This should be available within the next three years (2018)

Hemochromatosis Also called: Iron overload disease  There are two types: Primary hemochromatosis - inherited disease. Secondary hemochromatosis- result of anemia, thalassemia, liver disease, or blood transfusions