Animal Reproduction AP Big Ideas: #3: Genetics and Information Transfer #2: Complex Processes and Homeostasis #1 Evolution

Goals: Review meiosis & advantages of sexual Reproduction. Analyze crossing over data and calculate crossover frequency. Explain the mechanisms of animal reproduction.

Meiosis Crossing Over Similar to Mitosis? Homologous chromosomes Sister Chromatids

3 Ways Sexual Reproduction increases variation

Crossing Over Sordaria lab activity – What is an ascospore? – What evidence do ascospores provide for crossing over? – How do you calculate crossover frequency

Mendel’s Laws Law of Segregation Law of Independent Assortment Mendel’s observations support the idea that genes are located on chromosomes!

Gene & Allele

Law of Segregation Autosomes Sex Chromosomes Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)

Are X and Y universal?

Is XX always female and XY always male?

Chromosome modification at the DNA level

X-inactivation Barr body DNA methylation Happens during migration of cells in development. Random!!!

Lack of segregation… Aneuploidy

Lack of Segregation… Polyploidy – Plant speciation

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

Formative Assessment #1 Two forms of cell division have evolved. Both have similar mechanisms, however they differ in their overall outcome. – Discuss the similarities and differences between the two forms of cell division in terms of chromosome number and arrangement. – One form of cell division is essential to the diversity of living things. Explain multiple ways that this process has dramatically impacted the diversity of life.

Formative Assessment #2 Mendel didn’t really understand chromosomes…he just observed patterns. Explain to Mendel: – How his Law of Segregation leads to balance of chromosomes and how this balance can be upset – How his law of Independent Assortment allows so many possibilities from just one mating!