BELLWORK What did NSC-68 suggest? How did this document become more important after the outbreak of war in Korea? Explain the division of Korea. Include how it was divided, why, influence of the superpowers and their goals. Originally the division of Korea was supposed to be temporary, so what changed this? Why was it difficult (impossible) to unite Korea? How was the UN involved in the Korean War? Explain the roles of Stalin & Mao in starting the Korean War. THINKER: What a)international considerations and b)domestic considerations would have influenced Truman to become involved in the Korean War?

The first “hot war” 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 The Korean War The first “hot war” 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953

A Divided Korea Division of Korea was the result of an Allied victory in WWII Ended Japan’s 35-year colonial rule US and USSR agreed to temporary occupation Zone of control & division along the 38th parallel Purpose of occupation was to establish a Korean provisional government that would eventually become free and independent (formal divide – 1948) Republic of Korea (ROK - South Korea) Supported by the U.S. and UN Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK - North Korea) Supported by Soviet Union & China

Cairo Conference: November 1943 Jiang (& his wife), FDR & Churchill……where was Stalin? The three powers declared that they were, "mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, ... determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent.”

Korea post-WWII After atomic bombing in August 1945, Soviet forces invaded Manchuria (Yalta Conference) Continued into Korea but stopped at 38th parallel US fearful that entire peninsula would fall under Soviet control, so sent occupying forces

Allied Occupation of Korea Captured North Korean women were sometimes raped and forced to work as sex slaves – comfort women

South Korean citizens protest Allied occupation (trusteeship)

Welcome celebration for the Red Army in Pyongyang (October 1945)

Syngman Rhee 1945 - leader of provisional government in ROK Appointed by US because he was pro-Western and anti-communist After elections in 1948, became first president of South Korea Extremely oppressive and unpopular in South Korea

Kim Il Sung Leader of North Korea from its establishment (1948) until his death (1994) Member of CCP (Fought in CCW) A Major in the Soviet Red Army during WWII Soviets installed him as leader of prov.gov. in December 1945 Created Korean People’s Army (KPA) with direct aide from Stalin In 1948, the DPRK was established and Kim was chosen as premier (against UN)

North Korea’s Cult of Personality His death & propaganada http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDOMyNOS4sc

General Douglas MacArthur How was he involved in WWII? In charge of UN forces in Korea Under his command, forces launched an amphibious invasion at Incheon and were successful in pushing the North Koreans back. Urged the US to use the atomic bomb against China……caused his dismissal in 1951.

The entire war in four maps…..

North Korea invades South June 24, 1950

US/UN Response September – October 1950 US troops invade at Inchon UN intervenes & captures Pyongyang

China Enters War November 4, 1950 Pushed UN forces back and captured Seoul

Stalemate March 1951-March 1953 US-UN-ROK coalition Negotiations begin in 1951 and demilitarized zone is established Armistice formally reestablished division of Korea

The Fighting Sides SOUTH KOREA NORTH KOREA South Korea 602,902 266,600 United States 326,863 Soviet Union 26,000 Great Britain 14,198 People’s Rep. of China 1,350,000 (and others w/ UN) TOTAL: 972,214 TOTAL: 1,642,600

Discussion: Effects of Korean War

North Korea invades South Korea http://korean-war.commemoration.gov.au/korean-war-begins/communist-advance-toward-pusan.php http://history.howstuffworks.com/korean-war/korean-war.htm