Metaphysical Poetry
Influential Poets John Donne George Herbert Andrew Marvell Henry Vaughn
“John Donne, along with similar but distinct poets such as George Herbert, Andrew Marvell, and Henry Vaughn, developed a poetic style in which philosophical and spiritual subjects were approached with reason and often concluded in paradox. This group of writers established meditation—based on the union of thought and feeling sought after in Jesuit Ignatian meditation—as a poetic mode”
Union of Thought and Feeling Philosophical and spiritual subjects approached with reason Interest in philosophical questions and speculation Often conclude in a paradox Intellectual ingenuity Wit (intelligent, clever) Deeply felt emotion Direct language, imagery, and ironic tone
Conceit The metaphysical poet may make use of a conceit (an extended metaphor: an extended metaphor is a metaphor that carries on through the entirety of the poem) which juxtaposes apparently unconnected ideas or images so as to startle the reader with their paradoxical nature and force a more deliberate engagement with the poem. Example: In George Herbert’s poem “Praise,” he compares God’s generosity to a bottle full of endless tears.
Lyric Poem A short poem with one speaker (not necessarily the poet) who expresses thought and feeling. Though it is sometimes used only for a brief poem about feeling (like the sonnet), it is more often applied to a poem expressing the complex evolution of thoughts and feeling, such as the elegy, the dramatic monologue, and the ode (http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/lit_term.html).
Form Energetic, rough, or uneven movement, unlike the studied elegance, sweetness, and smoothness of 16th century verse A tendency toward logical argumentation or the structure of an argument in a poem
Andrew Marvell “To His Coy Mistress” Logical Argument = Syllogism Argument consisting of a major premise (part one), a minor premise (part two), and a conclusion. Examples All humans are mortal (Major premise) I am human. (Minor premise) Therefore, I am mortal. (Conclusion). Those who perjure themselves cannot be trusted. (Major premise) This man has perjured himself in the past. (Minor premise) This man is not to be trusted. (Conclusion)
John Donne How to Recognize a Donne Poem: dramatic, in medias res, opening a dramatic situation in which there is a speaker and one spoken to, who is always silent fairly rough, irregular rhythm, a conversational tone highly imaginative and unlikely drawing of likenesses between things images drawn from all sorts of sources that seem more worldly than the lovely images of 16th century poetry
George Herbert “The Pulley” Pulleys are used to change the direction of an applied force.