The Nation Breaking Apart Chapter 15 The Nation Breaking Apart

Growing Tensions Between the North and South Section 1 Growing Tensions Between the North and South

Differences Between North and South Large Industries Lot of Immigrants Canals and Railroads ran East-West New England and Midwest become connected A few wealthy planters control Relied on slave labor Relied on exports South developed little industry Became isolated from the North

Free and Slave States Territories, 1820–1854

Wilmot Proviso Proposed to outlaw slavery in the new territories Southerners argued it was unconstitutional Viewed slaves as property Proviso removed their right to take slaves anywhere Gave birth to the Free-Soil Party Antislavery party

Compromise of 1850 Abolished the slave trade in Washington D.C. Congress could not pass laws dealing with slavery in the territories Each state would decide Congress passes a fugitive slave law Help slaveholders capture runaway slaves Compromise was a temporary solution Tensions between North and South continued to rise despite the compromise

Critical Thinking: Cause and Effect Back to Transparencies

Tensions in Congress over slavery sometimes turned violent. Scene in Uncle Sam’s Senate 17th April 1850 (1850), Edward Williams Clay

Section 2 The Crises Deepens

Fugitive Slave Act: 1850 Helped recapture runaway slaves North South Required them to help recapture slaves Fined those who did not cooperate Put bounty hunters in the North Northerners now face the slavery issue at home South Applauded the act Resented the Northerners who did not help

Geography: The Slave Population of the South, 1860

Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854 Divide Nebraska into 2 territories Each territory would choose by a vote to allow slavery Known as popular sovereignty Repealed the Missouri Compromise Bleeding Kansas Missourians illegally crossed the boarder to vote Antislavery supporters and slavery supporters clashed Violence over the issue lasted for three years Became a precursor of the intensity of the slavery issue

Slavery Dominates Politics Section 3 Slavery Dominates Politics

Republican Party Forms Started when the Whig party split over the slavery issue Gained strength in the North Election of 1856 Fremont runs for the Republicans, Buchanan runs for the Democrats Fremont wins 11 northern states, Buchanan wins all but 1 slave state Elections show 2 things Republican party was a major force in the North The nation was split over slavery

Dred Scott Case: 1856 Sued his owner for freedom Court ruled Douglass was not a U.S. citizen and could not sue in U.S. courts Ruled Congress could not ban slavery in territories Would violate slaveholders property rights Declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional Southerners applauded ruling, Northerners were outraged by it

Lincoln Douglass Debate: 1858 Lincoln expressed the Northern fear that Southerners wanted to expand slavery into the entire nation Debates set the model for political debate Made Lincoln a national figure

John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry October 16, 1859 John Brown and 18 followers capture Harpers Ferry’s arsenal in Virginia Killed 4 people in raid Sent a call to rally and arm local slaves Brown was captured, tried for treason, and hanged Northern Abolitionist tolled bells and fired guns in salute to Brown Southerners were shocked at the North’s reaction to his death

Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession Section 4 Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession

Election of 1860 Democratic party split between North and South North nominates Stephen A. Douglass South nominates John Breckinridge Republicans nominate Lincoln Constitutional Part nominates John Bell Election showed the division of the nation Southerners voted for Breckinridge or Bell Northerners voted for Douglass or Lincoln Lincoln won the election without winning a single Southern state Southern states begin to secede in response

BACK TO LESSON The Election of 1860 Back to Maps

Southern States Secede December 20, 1860: South Carolina is first state to secede Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas follow February 1861 Southern States form the Confederate States of America Elect Jefferson Davis as President

BACK TO LESSON The seven Southern states that seceded from the Union formed the Confederate States of America in February 1861. The first flag of independence raised in the South (1860), R. H. Howell Back to Images

Union responds to Secession North Opposed for several reasons Viewed it as unconstitutional Union would become weak if states were allowed to secede Idea of majority rules Lincoln’s Efforts Told South he did not intend to abolish slavery Warned against secession Did not want to invade the South Wanted to protect government forts in the South

Visual Summary 1846 Wilmot Proviso 1854 Kansas–Nebraska Act 1856 Caning of Sumner 1859 Attack on Harpers Ferry SECESSION Compromise of 1850 Election of 1860 1855 “Bleeding Kansas” 1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford Back to Transparencies