N OW WHAT ? Reconstruction of the South

W HY DID THE N ORTH WIN ? Supplies Manpower Industry Economy England was anti-slavery and pro- industrialism Civil%20War/civil_war002-Olustee.jpg

S OUTH AFTER WAR Significant Southern losses South lost a fourth of its white male population of military age a third of its livestock half of its farm machinery $2.5 billion worth of human property 4 million African Americans freed

G OALS OF R ECONSTRUCTION Reunite the former Confederate states with the Union Redefine the rights and status of African Americans Literally rebuild the South Heal the wounds of a divided nation ress.jpg

2 COLUMN NOTES : R ECONSTRUCTION Terms: Reconstruction, freedmen, Freedmen’s Bureau, black codes, scalawags, carpetbaggers, sharecropper, Thirteenth Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, Fifteenth Amendment, poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause, segregation, Jim Crow laws

T ERMS Reconstruction freedmen rebuilding of the South; rejoining the Union men and women who had been slaves

T ERMS Freedmen’s Bureaugovernment agency created to help former slaves gave food and clothing; also tried to find jobs for freedmen; helped poor whites; provided medical care for more than one million people; set up schools including colleges

T ERMS black codes scalawags laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen freedmen could not vote, own guns, or serve on juries name for white southern Republicans; wanted to forget war and get on with rebuilding the South; many southerners felt they were traitors

T ERMS carpetbaggers sharecroppers Northerners who came to the South after war; white southerners accused them of hoping to get rich from their misery Rented and farmed a plot of land; planters provided seed, fertilizer and tools in return for a share of the crop; most became locked in a cycle of poverty

T ERMS Thirteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment (1865) banned slavery throughout the nation (1866) defined citizens (born or naturalized) rights of citizens (equal protection of the laws) forbade states to “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law”

T ERMS Fifteenth Amendment (1869) forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” all African American men over 21 had the right to vote

T ERMS poll tax literacy test grandfather clauses required voters to pay a fee each time they voted required voters to read and explain a section of Constitution if a voter’s father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867, the voter did not have to take literacy test

T ERMS segregation Jim Crow laws After 1877, legal separation of races became the law of the South Laws separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and cemeteries