DNA Biotechnology Chapter 13

Applying Genetics Name some Dog breeds…

Terms: – Selective breeding Domestication – Hybridization – Inbreeding Purebreds – increased recessive traits Is selective breeding a form of genetic engineering?

Products of Genetic Engineering – Transgenic organisms (aka GMOs) – Gene therapy – STEM Cells  tissues/organs – Clones – DNA Fingerprinting – 100% reliable identification – Protein/Hormone Synthesis = Medicine

How do DNA Technologies help us?

GMOs – transgenic organisms Opinions? FOOD Inc. Interview

DNA Tools Recombinant DNA PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA Sequencing Gel Electrophoresis

Recombinant DNA Restriction Enzymes – genetic scissors Plasmids – double-stranded circular prokaryotic DNA Example: Golden Rice – Vitamin A enriched

Recombinant DNA Isolate gene (from organism with desired trait) Prepare plasmid (from bacteria) Open plasmid with restriction enzymes Insert gene into plasmid TRANSFORMATION – cell uptakes exogenous DNA Transformed bacterial cell used to… 1: Produce gene product: Hormone/protein 2: Gene Cloning - Clone gene by reproduction of bacteria

Now you Explain the Process…

What are 2 methods of gene insertion to create a transgenic organism?

Creating GMOs or Transgenic Organisms  Insert Gene into target organism (transgenic) Animals - Microinjection - Viral Vectors Plants - Agrobacterium-mediated recombination - biolistics – “gene-gun”gene-gun

PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction Taq Polymerase

How was Taq polymerase different than DNA polymerase in human cells?

DNA Finger Printing Forensics - Criminology Paternity Testing Genealogy – What are you?

DNA Fingerprinting = Comparing DNA

Method/Tool = Gel Electrophoresis

DNA Fingerprinting What Technique?

Paternity Testing… most common use. *The more loci/sites compared, the stronger the data for or against. $$$

DNA Sequencing Frank Sanger “Whole Shotgun” approach

DNA Sequencing - Genomics Current List (not complete)… 11 animals sequenced in 2015!

Gene Therapy

Why do STEM cells get so much attention?

How do cells Specialize? Differentiation occurs early in the embryonic development.

Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning

Ethics. Watch Gattaca.Gattaca Scientific America: Are we getting too close?

Biotech Quiz Use this to prepare: Quizlet

Practice Quiz.

CHECK YOUR ANSWERS