Catalyst (Reg/Honors) Catalyst Questions ① Arrange from lowest to largest EN: K, Co, F and explain why you ranked them that way. To Do & Homework  Update your Table of Contents Homework: None  Update your Table of Contents Homework: None T of C Unit 2: Atomic Theory and Periodic Table 12PT CardsNotes: Octet and Charges 13Secret Agent PuzzleNotes: Atomic Radius and Ionization Energy 144 Square Graphic OrganizerElectronegativity 154 Square: Video ClipsNuclear Fission and Fusion

Draw this on Page 15L Use up entire page Paste Notes on 15R Quickwrite3 Takeways on Video #1, and 2 (Global Warming) 3 Takeaways on Clip #3 (Biofuels)3 Sentence Summary

Unit 1: Nuclear Chemistry

What will be the fuel of the future?

Nuclear Energy? Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions to generate electricity The energy of the reaction heats water, which turns a turbine, which generates electrical energy.

Quickwrite: In 2 sentences explain what you see Unstable Uranium Plutonium may also be used

Nuclear Fission Fission – To split something Nuclear fission is when a very heavy nucleus splits into a smaller, more stable nucleus releasing tremendous amount of energy

What will be the fuel of the future?

Will it continue to be fossil fuels? Oh no, global warming! Sun radiation heats up earth. Some of the radiation bounces back into the atmosphere and is trapped by greenhouse gases (CO 2, methane, water vapor) The more pollution by burning fossil fuels, the more CO 2, the more radiation trapped in the atmosphere, the hotter our planet gets.

Consequences of rising CO 2

Rising CO 2 Unethical, not right?

300 Years Of Fossil Fuels

What will be the fuel of the future?

Will it be Nuclear Fusion? Fusion – When two things combine into one Nuclear fusion is when two atomic nuclei fuse into one new atom. Example, two hydrogen nuclei combine to form Helium, resulting in a burst of energy

How is nuclear energy calculated? When compounds react the mass of the atoms is not the same as the end of the reaction. That’s b/c the lost mass is converted into energy! Calculated by E = mc 2

Einstein’s Energy Equation E = energy (measured in Joules) m = mass (measured in kilograms) c = the speed of light, 3.0 x 10 8 m/s or 300,000,000

Example 1 You have a 2 kg object. Calculate the amount of energy that would be produced if you were to convert all of this mass into energy. (c = 3.0 x 10 8 m/s) E = mc 2 E= (2kg) (3.0 x 10 8 m/s) 2 E = 1.8 x Joules or 2 x Joules

Example 2 You have a 5 kg substance. How much energy would be produced if this mass was converted to energy? (c = 3.0 x 10 8 m/s) E = mc 2 E= (5kg) (3.0 x 10 8 m/s) 2 E = 4.5 x Joules

What will be the fuel of the future?

Biofuels? Cellulose?

SUMMARIZE Use the following terms in your summary on 15L box: Fission Fusion Fossil Fuels Biofuels Einstein’s Equation

Sell Your Element Protocol  Start on Final draft once your teacher approved rough draft.  Construction paper is near the blue paper bins.  If you finish, leave final draft next to hot plates. If not done, turn in Wednesday morning before leaving for the field trip.  Noise Level: Whisper Voice  Music: Okay, just this once.

Catalyst Catalyst Questions ① write one similarity and one difference with respect to nuclear fission and fusion. To Do & Homework  Update your Table of Contents Homework: Study Guide EVEN problems.  Update your Table of Contents Homework: Study Guide EVEN problems. T of C Unit 2: Atomic Theory and Periodic Table 12PT CardsNotes: Octet and Charges 13Secret Agent PuzzleNotes: Atomic Radius and Ionization Energy 144 Square Graphic OrganizerElectronegativity 154 Square: Video ClipsNuclear Fission and Fusion 16Practice Q’sRadioactive Decay

RADIOACTIVE DECAY

Radioactive Decay Unstable atoms break down Radioactive Decay – The spontaneous breakdown of the nucleus into a smaller nucleus, accompanied by the release of particles, radiation or both.

What are the 3 types of radioactive decay?

Alpha (α) Decay Alpha Decay – When an atom splits its nucleus into: 1.A smaller nucleus and 2.A Helium atom (2 protons, 2 neutrons, total mass: 4). Observed often in very heavy atoms Alpha particles travel only a few cm in air Paper blocks alpha particles

Proton Numbe r Mass

Alpha Radiation

Beta (β) Decay Some elements are unstable because their proton to neutron ratio is too large. Beta decay converts neutrons to protons and releases an electron known as a beta particle neutron  proton + β Travel a few meters in the air Metals provide a shield against beta radiation. Electron

Beta Radiation

Gamma (γ) Decay Gamma rays are high energy waves that are released when nucleus goes from high energy state to low energy. Gamma radiation is the most dangerous. It can lead to DNA mutations and cancers. Gamma radiation requires thick pieces of lead/concrete in order to stop.

Gamma Radiation

Radiation Summary Type of RadiationDescriptionBlocked by? Alpha (α) Beta (β) Gamma (γ) The spitting of a nucleus into a smaller nucleus and a He atom (alpha particle Converts a neutron to a proton and an electron (beta particle) High energy waves that are released by nucleus Blocked by paper Blocked by metals Blocked by lead

Example 1 Label the following decay as alpha, beta or gamma decay K  Ca + electron

Example 2 Label the following decay as alpha, beta or gamma decay Po  Pb He

Example 3 Complete the following reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 14 7 N  ______ + _______

More Practice 1. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay: K  2. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 3 1 H  3. Complete for alpha decay: Po  4. Complete for alpha decay: U 

Stations Review for Monday’s Test Show your work for each question in each station in that box. Don’t have to write the question but your answer should make sense to another person. Check answers at the end. If done early, start on homework: Study Guide EVEN problems

Catalyst Catalyst Questions Alpha decay of uranium results in : U  Alpha decay of uranium results in : U  To Do & Homework  Update your Table of Contents Homework: None  Update your Table of Contents Homework: None T of C Unit 2: Atomic Theory and Periodic Table 12PT CardsNotes: Octet and Charges 13Secret Agent PuzzleNotes: Atomic Radius and Ionization Energy 144 Square Graphic OrganizerElectronegativity 154 Square: Video ClipsNuclear Fission and Fusion 16Practice Q’sRadioactive Decay

Agenda Study Guide Notebook Organized Study Hall 1:1 Check ins and NB Check