Organic Chemistry

Allotropes of Carbon Allotropes are forms of the same element that have different bonding patterns Examples: Diamond, Graphite, Amorphous Carbon, Fullerenes (buckyballs)

What makes carbon so special is its half filled valance level and small size. 4 valance electrons…can bond with a single, double, or triple bond. Carbon most commonly bonds to itself and then forms long chains and rings.

Organic Chemistry The study of the thousands of carbon- containing compounds. A general rule an organic molecule is one that contains carbon –Exceptions to that rule are oxides of carbon (CO, CO 2 ) and when you have the carbonate ion CO 3 -2

Properties of Organic Molecules They are insoluble in water, have a low melting and boiling point, and form combustion reactions with oxygen.

Hydrocarbons Organic molecules that contain only carbon and hyrdrogen CH 4 C 2 H 6

Properties of Hydrocarbons HC’s only contain two types of bond C-C or C-H HC’s have low density, low melting and boiling points, and they don’t dissolve in water

Properties of Hydrocarbons Most hydrocarbons exist deep in deposits of natural gas and petroleum Both natural gas and petroleum were formed from the compressed and decomposed remains of ancient plants and animals and are called fossil fuels.

Hydrocarbons structure and formulas Carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon can form single, double, or triple bonds and can make straight chains, branched chains, and rings

Hydrocarbons structure and formulas Molecular formula= CH 4,C 2 H 6, Structural Formula= on board Condensed structural formula=on board

Alkanes Any type of carbon bonding that have only single bonds in them. 1 carbon 4 hydrogens= Methane 2 C 6 H = ethane 3 C 8 H = propane 4 C 10 H = butane 5 C 12 H = pentane 6 C 14 H = hexane 7 C 16 H = Heptane 8 C 18 H = Octane 9 C 20 H = Nonane 10 C 22 H = Decane