Gilded Age Politics 1870 - 1900. A Two Party Stalemate.

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Presentation transcript:

Gilded Age Politics

A Two Party Stalemate

Few economic differences between Democrats and Republicans

Well-Defined Voting Blocs Democrats  White Southerners  Catholics  Recent Immigrants  Urban  Pro-Labor  Farmers Republicans  Northern  Protestants  Anti-Immigration  Nativists  Middle-Class

This caused high voter turnout and partisan voting!

Laissez-faire Federal Government  Accomplished little domestically  Main duties of the Federal Government  Delivered Mail  Maintained Military  Collected Taxes and Tariffs  Conducted Foreign Policy  Administered Civil War Veteran’s Pension

Issues  Monetary Policy  Regulation of Big Business  Tariff Policy  Railroad Regulations  Labor Regulations  Women’s Suffrage  Farm Problems  Civil Service Reform  American Imperialism

Presidency as Symbolic Office  Party bosses ruled!  President  should avoid offending factions within their own party.  Doled out federal jobs. “The President should merely obey and enforce the law.” –Senator John Sherman of Ohio

How was it that leaders who failed to address the ‘real issues’ of the day presided over the most highly organized and politically active electorate in American history?

No chief executive between Lincoln and T. Roosevelt could be described as a strong president!

,000 people worked for the federal government 1890 – 166,000 people worked for the federal government

1876 Election- one of the most disputed and controversial elections in US History

Hayes Prevails

Sammy Tilden— Boo-Hoo! Ruthy Hayes’s got my Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!

Rutherford B. Hayes (R)  “Compromise of 1877” - end of Reconstruction  “Party of Morality”  Limited Vision of Government’s Role  Great RR Strike of 1877  > Bland-Allison Act

Lemonade Lucy

Split within the Republican Party Stalwarts  Sen. Roscoe Conkling (New York)  Wanted Grant for 3 rd Term  Favored Machine Politics/ Spoils System Half-Breeds  Sen. James Blaine (Maine)  Support for Civil Service Reform

James A. Garfield (R) 1881  compromise candidate  assassinated

Chester A. Arthur (R)  > Tariff Commission  > Pendleton Act (Civil Reform)

Grover Cleveland (D)  “Ma, Ma, where’s my Pa? Gone to the White House, ha, ha, ha!”  laissez-faire Democrat  attacked tariffs  > Haymarket Riot  > Interstate Commerce Act

Election of 1888  Tariffs major issue of election

Benjamin Harrison (R)  > Farmers Alliance  curbs on big business (1890):  1. Sherman Anti-Trust Act  2. McKinley Tariff Act  3. Sherman Silver Purchase Act  > Homestead Strike

Billion Dollar Congress

Grover Cleveland (D)  Panic of 1893  [BIG depression!]  > Pullman Strike  > Wilson- Gorman Tariff  > E. C. Knight Co. v. US

William McKinley (R)  > Spanish- American War  > Gold Standard Act  > Open Door Policy  > Boxer Rebellion in China  > assassinated

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